GGeenneessaannddDDrreeaammss GenesandDreams

Tamilnadu has long led the way in the Science-led education system. The Department of School Education is carrying that legacy forward. It gives me immense joy to introduce this educational comic book in partnership with the Comic Library by renowned scientist Dr.T.V.Venkateshwaran, These engaging stories in Science, History and Life skills make learning joyful, inclusive and memorable. Education today is not confined to textbooks alone—it must expand to ignite curiosity, build imagination, and make learning joyful. In this context, comics have a special place, as they communicate ideas in a simple yet powerful manner, blending storytelling and visuals in a way that engages young minds. Our students are the torchbearers of tomorrow. By nurturing their creativity, critical thinking we prepare them not just for examinations, but for life itself. I am delighted that this comic book serves as a medium to inspire them, instilling both knowledge and enthusiasm in equal measure. The Department of School Education is committed to creating an inclusive, vibrant, and child‑friendly learning environment. This Comic book is yet another step in that direction. I commend the creators, and all contributors who made this initiative possible. I encourage our students to read, reflect, and most importantly—enjoy this book. I am confident that this effort will enrich classroom learning, spark imagination, and motivate students to pursue knowledge with joy and confidence. Without a doubt, it will serve as the next step in inspiring every child in Tamil Nadu to dream big and achieve great accomplishments. Thiru. R. Sudhan , Member Secretary , Tamilnadu Model SchoolsForeword

Table of content1The Great Blue print AdventurePage NoCHAPTER 19Exploring Genome with Genes Janaki CHAPTER 3 4Language of life CHAPTER 2

IN A CHARMING TALE, GENES JANAKI, A GENETICS SCIENTIST, FINDS HERSELF WITH A DELIGHTFUL TASK -VISITING HER FRIEND WHO HAS JUST WELCOMED A NEWBORN. WITH HER 7 YEAR OLD CHILD IN TOW.

SO, DARLING, JUST LIKE A WELL-PLANNED BLUEPRINT ENSURES A COMFY HOME, DNA ENSURES EACH LIVING THING HAS WHAT IT NEEDS TO LIVE ITS BEST LIFE!

AND BELIEVE IT OR NOT, THE ROTOKAS LANGUAGE HAS JUST 12 ALPHABETS

HEY JANAKI AND TEAM! HERE IS SOME SNACKS FOR YOU .A T G & C ARE FOUR TYPES OF MOLECULES,CALLED NUCLEOTIDES. A NUCLEOTIDE IS THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCK OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. RNA & DNA ARE POLYMERS MADE OF LONG CHAINS OF NUCLEOTIDES

AMMAA.. IT SEEMSAMMAA.. IT SEEMS THERE ARE ≈6.2THERE ARE ≈6.2 BILLION LETTERSBILLION LETTERS IN HUMAN GENOME..IN HUMAN GENOME.. wow!wow! AMMAA.. IT SEEMS THERE ARE ≈6.2 BILLION LETTERS IN HUMAN GENOME.. wow!YOU KNOW THERE ARE ABOUTYOU KNOW THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 WORDS & NEARLY 42,19414,000 WORDS & NEARLY 42,194 LETTERS IN THIRUKKURAL.LETTERS IN THIRUKKURAL. CAN U GUESS THE SIZE OFCAN U GUESS THE SIZE OF THE BOOK OF LIFE?THE BOOK OF LIFE? THAT'S OUT OF GENOME?THAT'S OUT OF GENOME? YOU KNOW THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 WORDS & NEARLY 42,194 LETTERS IN THIRUKKURAL. CAN U GUESS THE SIZE OF THE BOOK OF LIFE? THAT'S OUT OF GENOME?≈ 22.5–25≈ 22.5–25 crorecrore ≈ 22.5–25 crore≈140 – 150≈140 – 150 crorecrore ≈140 – 150 crore F R U I T F L YO H M O M , A M O E B A H A S N E R A L Y 2 1 T I M E S B I G G E R G E N O M E , A L T H O U G H I T ' S J U S T A S I N G L E C E L L . AMOEBABEE Python ≈ 67,000≈ 67,000 crorecrore ≈ 67,000 crore ≈ 1 6 . 5≈ 1 6 . 5 c r o r ec r o r e ≈ 1 6 . 5 c r o r e ≈ 3,200≈ 3,200 crorecrore ≈ 3,200 crore SALAMANDER

WE OFTEN IMAGINE THAT A 1ST- GRADE BOOK (SMALL AND SIMPLE) REPRESENTS THE AMOEBA GENOME, WHILE A 10TH-GRADE BOOK (LARGE AND COMPLEX) REPRESENTS THE HUMAN GENOME, SINCE HUMANS ARE MORE COMPLEX ORGANISMS. HOWEVER, THE GENOME SIZE OF SPECIES IS PUZZLE. NO ONE KNOWS THE ANSWER.

HOW ARE THE ≈6.2 BILLION LETTERS OF HUMAN GENOME ARRANGED IN OUR BODY.?

MADE OF NITROGENOUS BASESRUNGS

I am told that some viruses like novel corona virus that cause COVID 19 are single strand. They are called as RNA.

RNA are like one strand of zipper, also instead of alphabet T, they have a substitute U for uracil so it is like some people write seven like this and other like this. Yes.. the T and U are molecules that function same way in the genome. So you can say DNA is inscribed in ATGC molecular alphabets and RNA is written with AUGC molecular alphabets.

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