INFLUENCESINFLUENCES ONON PHILIPPINEPHILIPPINE HEALTHCAREHEALTHCARE INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE INFLUENCESINFLUENCES ONON PHILIPPINEPHILIPPINE HEALTHCAREHEALTHCAREPHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTUREGROUP 2GROUP 2GROUP 2GROUP 2GROUP 2

SPAINSPAINSpainʼs Influence on the Philippine Healthcare System: Past to Present Spainʼs Influence on the Philippine Healthcare System: Past to Present W E L C O M E T O

PAST CONTRIBUTIONS:PAST CONTRIBUTIONS: The Spanish colonial period marked an important turning point in Philippine healthcare. Hospitals, Western medical practices, public health measures, and formal medical education gradually developed, creating foundations that continue to influence healthcare today. The Spanish colonial period marked an important turning point in Philippine healthcare. Hospitals, Western medical practices, public health measures, and formal medical education gradually developed, creating foundations that continue to influence healthcare today. 1577 — Hospital Real de Manila One of the earliest hospitals in the Philippines, established in Manila to provide organized medical care.1578 — San Lazaro Hospital Established to care for people suffering from leprosy and other illnesses, becoming an important healthcare institution. 1596 — Hospital de San Juan de Dios Provided medical and charitable services and became an important hospital in Manila. During the Spanish period, Western medicine was introduced and gradually expanded in the Philippines, bringing formal approaches to surgery, pharmacy, and disease treatment alongside traditional Filipino healing practices. Religious orders such as the Franciscans, Dominicans, and Augustinians played an important role in establishing and managing hospitals and charitable healthcare institutions. Authorities also introduced early public health measures, including quarantine stations, clean water regulations, and sanitation rules, to help prevent the spread of diseases and improve community health. PRESENT IMPACT:PRESENT IMPACT: A significant milestone in healthcare development occurred in 1871, when the University of Santo Tomas (UST) began offering formal medical degree programs. This helped strengthen professional medical education and contributed to the development of trained healthcare professionals in the Philippines. Together, the growth of Western medicine, religious healthcare institutions, public health measures, and formal medical education laid important foundations for the countr y's modern healthcare system. The healthcare system developed during the Spanish era continues to influence the Philippines today. Catholic and religious organizations still operate and support healthcare institutions, carr ying on a tradition of service, compassion, and charitable care. At the same time, institutions with long historical roots, such as the University of Santo Tomas (UST), continue to contribute to the education and training of nurses, doctors, and other healthcare professionals. The structure of Philippine healthcare also reflects this historical development, with government, private, and religious hospitals working alongside one another to provide medical services. In public health, practices such as disease surveillance, quarantine, sanitation, and epidemic control remain essential in protecting communities from health threats. Beyond institutions and policies, the influence of the Spanish period can also be seen in Filipino culture, as many people continue to combine medical treatment with prayer and religious faith, finding spirituality a source of hope, comfort, and emotional support during illness.DID YOU KNOW? Philippine healthcare is shaped by centuries of development. The hospitals, medical education, public health practices, and religious institutions established or strengthened during the Spanish period helped create foundations that can still be recognized in the healthcare system today. DID YOU KNOW? Philippine healthcare is shaped by centuries of development. The hospitals, medical education, public health practices, and religious institutions established or strengthened during the Spanish period helped create foundations that can still be recognized in the healthcare system today.

UNITED STATES UNITED STATESUnited States Influence on the Philippine Healthcare System: Past to Present United States Influence on the Philippine Healthcare System: Past to Present W E L C O M E T O

1898-19461898-19461898-19461898-1946The American colonial period 18981946) fundamentally restructured Philippine healthcare, shifting the country from a religious, charity-based model under Spanish rule to a centralized, scientific public health system. This era established modern medical institutions, professional education standards, and tropical disease control frameworks that still form the backbone of Filipino healthcare today. The American colonial period 18981946) fundamentally restructured Philippine healthcare, shifting the country from a religious, charity-based model under Spanish rule to a centralized, scientific public health system. This era established modern medical institutions, professional education standards, and tropical disease control frameworks that still form the backbone of Filipino healthcare today.The Board of Health was established in September 1898 under General Order No. 15 to safeguard American troops in Manila from tropical diseases like smallpox and malaria. Formalized island-wide through Act No. 157 in 1901, the Board introduced top-down sanitar y governance, mandator y vaccination campaigns, and strict quarantine protocols across the Philippines. It organized the archipelago into health districts and oversaw municipal sanitation projects until 1905, when Act No. 1407 restructured it into the centralized Philippine Bureau of Health. The American Red Cross (ARC) established its presence in the archipelago in 1905 to support colonial health initiatives and provide relief during natural disasters like typhoons and volcanic eruptions. Formally recognized as an official chapter in 1917, the organization deployed nurses to rural provinces, established child welfare clinics, and managed public health programs to reduce infant mortality and curb disease outbreaks. Although President Manuel L. Quezon sought to convert it into an independent national society in 1934, its territorial status under U.S. sovereignty delayed full autonomy. Following severe disruptions and internment during the Japanese occupation in World War II, the chapter reorganized to lead post-war relief operations, culminating in the creation of the independent Philippine Red Cross in 1947. august 30, 1905august 30, 1905august 30, 1905august 30, 1905First Board of HealthFirst Board of Health 18981898 First Board of HealthFirst Board of Health 18981898American Red CrossAmerican Red Cross 19051905 American Red CrossAmerican Red Cross 19051905The Board of Health was established in September 1898 under General Order No. 15 to safeguard American troops in Manila from tropical diseases like smallpox and malaria. Formalized island-wide through Act No. 157 in 1901, the Board introduced top-down sanitar y governance, mandator y vaccination campaigns, and strict quarantine protocols across the Philippines. It organized the archipelago into health districts and oversaw municipal sanitation projects until 1905, when Act No. 1407 restructured it into the centralized Philippine Bureau of Health.1907190719071907Nursing EducationNursing Education 19071907 Nursing EducationNursing Education 19071907The Philippine General Hospital (PGH) was established in Manila under Act No. 1688 in 1907 and officially opened on September 1, 1910, as a central component of the American colonial public health system. Designed by consulting architect William E. Parsons in the neoclassical style, it was built to modernize healthcare, control tropical disease epidemics, and serve as the primar y teaching hospital for the University of the Philippines College of Medicine.1910191019101910

W E L C O M E T OJAPANJapan's Influence on the Philippine Healthcare System: Past to Present Japan's Influence on the Philippine Healthcare System: Past to Present

JAPAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE JAPAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO PHILIPPINE HEALTHCAREFROM WARTIME DESTRUPTION TO MODERN HEALTHCAREFROM WARTIME DESTRUPTION TO MODERN HEALTHCAREFROM WARTIME DESTRUPTION TO MODERN HEALTHCARE COOPERATIONCOOPERATIONCOOPERATION FROM WARTIME DESTRUPTION TO MODERN HEALTHCARE COOPERATIONJapan intervention has had a complex impact on Philippine heaithcare, evoiving from severe wartime disruption to a constructive and modern partnership focused on lona-term sustainabilitv. Japan intervention has had a complex impact on Philippine heaithcare, evoiving from severe wartime disruption to a constructive and modern partnership focused on lona-term sustainabilitv.WARTIME DESTRUPTION (1942-1945)WARTIME DESTRUPTION (1942-1945)WARTIME DESTRUPTION (1942-1945)WARTIME DESTRUPTION (1942-1945) Hospitals and health facilities faced shortages of medicines, food, and other medical resources. Disease spred due to poor sanitation. Food and medicine shortage.POST-WAR TRANSITION (1945)POST-WAR TRANSITION (1945)After the Japanese occupation ended, the Philippines began rebuilding damaged health facilities and focused on restoring healthcare services that had been disrupted by the war.PRESENT AND MODERN PARTNERSHIPPRESENT AND MODERN PARTNERSHIPFrom 2021 to 2026, Japan and the Philippines continued to strengthen their healthcare partnership through the Japan–Philippines Joint Committee on Healthcare, focusing on improving healthcare systems and sharing knowledge and expertise. Japan continues to support the Philippine healthcare system through initiatives in elderly care, universal health coverage, and disaster health management, including specialized care facilities, caregiver training, accessible and affordable medical services, emergency preparedness, disaster response, mobile clinics, and stronger health facilities. From 2021 to 2026, Japan and the Philippines continued to strengthen their healthcare partnership through the Japan–Philippines Joint Committee on Healthcare, focusing on improving healthcare systems and sharing knowledge and expertise. Japan continues to support the Philippine healthcare system through initiatives in elderly care, universal health coverage, and disaster health management, including specialized care facilities, caregiver training, accessible and affordable medical services, emergency preparedness, disaster response, mobile clinics, and stronger health facilities. FROM A PERIOD OF HEALTHCARE DISRUPTION DURING WARTIME TO A PARTNERSHIPFROM A PERIOD OF HEALTHCARE DISRUPTION DURING WARTIME TO A PARTNERSHIPFROM A PERIOD OF HEALTHCARE DISRUPTION DURING WARTIME TO A PARTNERSHIP FFFOCUSED ON BUILDING A STRONGER. MORE RESLIENT PHILIPPINÉ HEALTHCARE SYSTEMOCUSED ON BUILDING A STRONGER. MORE RESLIENT PHILIPPINÉ HEALTHCARE SYSTEMOCUSED ON BUILDING A STRONGER. MORE RESLIENT PHILIPPINÉ HEALTHCARE SYSTEM FROM A PERIOD OF HEALTHCARE DISRUPTION DURING WARTIME TO A PARTNERSHIP FOCUSED ON BUILDING A STRONGER. MORE RESLIENT PHILIPPINÉ HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

P H I L I P P I N E H E A L T H C A R E H I S T O R Ywh Global Partnerships That Shaped Philippine Healthcare AND INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCE After World War II, Philippine healthcare became increasingly connected to international public- health organizations, particularly the World Health Organization (WHO). International cooperation introduced and strengthened approaches focused on prevention, community health, health education, and accessible healthcare, helping shape the modern Philippine healthcare system. FROM GLOBAL COOPERATION TO COMMUNITY HEALTH International influence gradually expanded Philippine healthcare beyond hospital-based treatment. Global partnerships encouraged a greater focus on: Primary Healthcare Immunization Maternal & Child Health Disease Prevention These approaches helped establish the idea that healthcare should not only treat illness but also prevent disease, promote health, and serve communities. Community Health Health Promotion Universal Health Coverage PAST CONTRIBUTIONS: Nationwide Tuberculosis Campaign The WHO supported a nationwide anti-tuberculosis campaign in the Philippines involving schools and municipalities. DOH laboratories produced BCG vaccines for the campaign, strengthening efforts to prevent and control tuberculosis. 1951 A WHO-UNICEF child-health initiative promoted community- based healthcare through the involvement of public-health nurses. Activities included home visits, newborn care, health education, and disease prevention, bringing healthcare closer to Filipino families. Maternal and Child Health 1951 WHO contributed to the development of rehabilitation services in the Philippines. It helped organize a physical rehabilitation program at the National Orthopaedic Hospital and supported a four-year physiotherapy course at the University of the Philippines Manila, helping develop specialized healthcare professionals. Rehabilitation Programs 1960s PRESENT CONTRIBUTIONS: International organizations continue to influence Philippine healthcare through public-health programs, disease prevention, vaccination, maternal and child health, health promotion, and community-based services. The influence of organizations such as WHO helped strengthen the country's focus on prevention and primary healthcare, complementing hospitals and specialized medical services. Today, Philippine healthcare reflects a combination of international standards, government programs, healthcare professionals, and community participation. Walking a mile to access safe water The World Health Organization supports the Department of Health and the Philippine Government in promoting safe and sufficient WASH, which prevents waterborne and neglected tropical diseases such as cholera and schistosomiasis. 2003 Equitable access to health care through UHC The Universal Health Care (UHC) Act was signed into law in February 2019, ensuring that all Filipinos can access quality health services without financial hardship. Following WHO’s primary healthcare approach, the law automatically covers Filipinos through PhilHealth and provides access to essential primary care services. 2019 Health workers at the frontlines against COVID-19 Health workers were on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic. They provided care and comfort to COVID-19 patients and their families while coping with various challenges in the health system and facing dangers to their own health. Health workers need to be safe to keep their patients safe. The World Health Organization’s Health Worker Safety Charter is a step towards ensuring that health workers have safe working conditions and the support they deserve. 2021 "Health for all is a shared goal""Health for all is a shared goal" - WHO-- WHO-