Kebasen State Vocational High School Created by Anis Zul Faizah, S.Pd1 CONDITIONAL SENTENCE A. Definition A conditional sentence is a sentence that expresses a condition and its possible result. It tells us what will, would, or could happen if a certain condition is fulfilled. Example: “If I study hard, I will pass the exam”. If I study hard = condition (syarat) I will pass the exam = result (hasil/akibat) Artinya: Jika saya belajar dengan giat, saya akan lulus ujian. B. Basic Structure A conditional sentence generally consists of two clauses: 1. If Clause The if clause describes the condition. If I study hard,... 2. Main Clause The main clause describes the result. … I will pass the exam. Complete sentence: If I study hard, I will pass the exam. Structure: If Clause + Main Clause or Main Clause + If Clause Examples: If you study hard, you will get a good score. or You will get a good score if you study hard. Note: When the if clause comes first, we usually put a comma between the two clauses. C. Conditional Sentence Type 0 1) Definition The zero conditional is used to talk about facts, general truths, scientific facts, and situations that are always or usually true. (Conditional Type 0 digunakan untuk membicarakan fakta, kebenaran umum, fakta ilmiah, atau sesuatu yang selalu terjadi). 2) Formula: Examples: If you heat ice, it melts. If you mix red and blue, you get purple. If people don't eat, they get hungry. If water reaches 100°C, it boils.

Kebasen State Vocational High School Created by Anis Zul Faizah, S.Pd2 Vocational Examples  Culinary: If you heat butter, it melts. (Jika kamu memanaskan mentega, mentega mencair.)  Accounting: If expenses increase, profit decreases. (Jika pengeluaran meningkat, keuntungan menurun.)  Automotive: If metal is exposed to water for a long time, it rusts. (Jika logam terkena air dalam waktu lama, logam tersebut berkarat.) D. Conditional Sentence Type 1 1) Definition The first conditional is used to talk about real or possible situations in the future and their possible results. 2) Formula: Examples: If I study hard, I will pass the exam. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. If you practice regularly, you will improve your English. If she arrives early, she will help us. Vocational Examples  Culinary: If you follow the recipe carefully, you will make a delicious cake. (Jika kamu mengikuti resep dengan teliti, kamu akan membuat kue yang lezat.)  Accounting: If you check the financial report carefully, you will find the mistake. (Jika kamu memeriksa laporan keuangan dengan teliti, kamu akan menemukan kesalahan tersebut.)  Automotive: If you check the engine regularly, the car will work properly. (Jika kamu memeriksa mesin secara rutin, mobil akan bekerja dengan baik.) Negative Form If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exam. don't + V1 → condition won't + V1 → result Important Note ❌ If I will study hard, I will pass the exam. ✅ If I study hard, I will pass the exam. Do not normally use "will" immediately after "if" in the first conditional.

Kebasen State Vocational High School Created by Anis Zul Faizah, S.Pd3 E. Conditional Sentence Type 2 1) Definition The second conditional is used to talk about imaginary, unreal, or unlikely situations in the present or future. (Conditional Type 2 digunakan untuk membicarakan situasi yang bersifat khayalan, tidak nyata, atau kecil kemungkinan terjadi pada saat ini atau masa depan.) 2) Formula: Examples: If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new car. If I were rich, I would build a big house. If she knew the answer, she would tell us. If I lived in London, I would speak English every day. Vocational Examples  Culinary: If I had my own restaurant, I would serve traditional Indonesian food. (Jika saya memiliki restoran sendiri, saya akan menyajikan makanan tradisional Indonesia.)  Accounting: If I were an accountant, I would check every financial transaction carefully. (Jika saya seorang akuntan, saya akan memeriksa setiap transaksi keuangan dengan teliti.)  Automotive: If I had a car workshop, I would provide excellent service. (Jika saya memiliki bengkel mobil, saya akan memberikan pelayanan yang sangat baik.) Special Note: "Were" In formal English, were can be used with all subjects after "if".  If I were you, I would study harder.  If he were here, he would help us. The expression "If I were you..." is very common when giving advice. Example:  If I were you, I would apologize to your teacher. F. Conditional Sentence Type 3 1) Definition The third conditional is used to talk about unreal situations in the past and their imaginary results. It is often used to express regret or to imagine a different past. (Conditional Type 3 digunakan untuk membicarakan situasi masa lalu yang tidak terjadi dan membayangkan hasil yang berbeda.) Biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan penyesalan (regret). 2) Formula: Examples: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. If she had arrived earlier, she would have met the teacher. If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time.

Kebasen State Vocational High School Created by Anis Zul Faizah, S.Pd4 Vocational Examples  Culinary: If the chef had followed the recipe, the cake would have been better. (Jika koki mengikuti resep tersebut, kuenya akan menjadi lebih baik.)  Accounting: If the accountant had checked the data, she would have found the mistake. (Jika akuntan tersebut memeriksa data, dia akan menemukan kesalahan tersebut.)  Automotive: If the mechanic had checked the engine, he would have found the problem. (Jika mekanik tersebut memeriksa mesin, dia akan menemukan masalah tersebut.) G. Comparison of the Four Types Type English Explanation Formula Example 0 General facts and truths If + V1, V1 If you heat ice, it melts. 1 Real/possible future situation If + V1, will + V1 If I study, I will pass. 2 Imaginary/unlikely present or future If + V2, would + V1 If I were rich, I would travel. 3 Unreal past/regret If + had + V3, would have + V3 If I had studied, I would have passed. Easy Way to Remember Type 0 FACT If you heat water, it boils. Type 1 POSSIBLE If I study, I will pass. Type 2 IMAGINARY If I were rich, I would travel. Type 3 REGRET If I had studied, I would have passed.