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DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC FOOD COVER WITH HAND DETECTION SYSTEM SUPERVISOR: TUAN NURUL ZAIDI BIN KASBOLAH GROUP 9: DKM5D SUDDHARSZHAN A/L KUMARAN (01DKM24F1139) ROOSHEN A/L SARAVANAN (01DKM24F1116) SITI NURSHAHIRA BINTI SHAHRIM (01DKM24F1140) NUR DAMIA IRDINA BINTI ZAINAL (01DKM24F1141) PROJECT 2 ( DJJ50403)
AUTOMATIC FOOD COVER
CONTENT 01 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 10 Background of Study Problem Statement Objective Gantt Chart Methodology Literature Review References Conclusion & Recommendation Results & Discussion Estimated Cost
BACKGROUND OF STUDY Food covers are commonly used to protect food from dust, dirt and other contaminants. However, conventional food covers need to be opened and closed manually, which may be inconvenient when users frequently access the food. This creates a need for a more convenient and practical food covering system. The Automatic Food Cover with Hand Detection is developed to provide easier food access with minimal physical effort. The system uses a hand detection sensor to detect the user's hand and automatically opens the food cover through a pulley mechanism. Polycarbonate plastic and an aluminium frame are used to provide a lightweight and durable structure. This project focuses on dry and ready-to-eat foods such as sushi, bread and similar food products. The design emphasizes food hygiene, cleanliness and ease of use by reducing unnecessary contact with the food cover. Overall, the project provides a simple, convenient and hygienic solution for accessing covered food.
PROBLEM STATEMENT Food displayed in restaurants, food stalls, cafeterias, and other food outlets is often exposed to dust, insects, surrounding air, and accidental human contact. Conventional food covers are commonly operated manually or only provide partial coverage, requiring users to open and close them by hand. This can reduce convenience and may increase the possibility of contamination during food handling. In addition, existing fixed covers do not provide an automatic opening and closing mechanism based on the user's presence. Therefore, there is a need to develop a simple, affordable, and practical Automatic Food Cover that can provide better food protection while allowing hands-free access. The proposed system uses an IR sensor, Arduino UNO R3, and SG90 servo motor to automatically control a sliding polycarbonate cover.
OBJECTIVE To design an automatic food cover that opens and close automatically when a hand is detected in order to improve food hygiene To fabricate an automatic food cover prototype using suitable food grade materials and a mechanical opening and closing system. To evaluate the functionality and responsiveness of the automatic food cover through basic operational testing. To analyze the performance of the automatic food cover system by comparing the reduction of human energy with the use of electrical energy during operation
AUTHOR DESIGN METHOD ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Wang et al. (2018) Servo motor with gear drive mechanism and IR motion sensor Fast response time Hygienic touchless operation Gear wear and noise Prone to light interference Kumar & Sharma (2020) Arduino-controlled GT2 belt & pulley drive with IR sensor Smooth and quiet motion Precise door positioning Requires accurate belt tension Belt wear over time Ramesh et al. (2021) Polycarbonate box enclosure with aluminum frame structure Lightweight and highly durable Clear food visibility Higher material cost Surface easily scratches LITERATURE REVIEW
AUTHOR FABRICATION METHOD ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Formisano et al. (2024) Polycarbonate sheet forming Lightweight, formable Processing affects surface quality Demirel (2012) Aluminium extrusion Lightweight, structural Lower stiffness than steel Bignardi et al. (2017) Food-contact polycarbonate study Useful for material selection Ageing/migration concerns LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW AUTHOR TESTING METHOD ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Shafiqul Abidin & Manu Ahuja (2016) Infrared Sensor Detection Test Fast object detection and suitable for automatic systems Detection can be affected by environmental factors A. A. Okandeji et al. (2020) Prototype Functional Testing Evaluates system functionality and performance in real operating conditions Requires repeated testing E. O. Amuta et al. (2024) Sensor-Based Monitoring Test Provides continuous monitoring and improves automation efficiency Requires proper calibration
LITERATURE REVIEW AUTHOR ANALYSIS METHOD ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Lokman et al. (2022) Sensor Accuracy Analysis Provides measurable sensor accuracy Accuracy can be affected by distance, angle and environment conditions Amran & Samsudin (2022) System Performance Analysis Suitable for evaluating food cover prototype performance Mainly focuses on the food cover design and temperature performance Kuswandi et al. (2022) Sensor Monitoring Analysis Supports continuous food monitoring using sensors Requires suitable sensors and reliable data collection
METHODOLOGY DESIGN 1.Structural Design: Modeled the food box using CAD software (SolidWorks/Fusion 360) based on clear polycarbonate panels and an aluminum frame. 2.Mechanism Selection: Selected a GT2 belt and pulley drive (drive & driven pulleys) powered by a servo motor for precise, linear door opening/closing. 3.Material Selection: Polycarbonate: High durability, lightweight, and transparent for clear food visibility. Aluminum Frame: Provides structural rigidity, stability, and smooth mounting tracks. 4.Control System Architecture: Integrated an IR proximity sensor with an Arduino microcontroller to detect hand motion touchlessly.
METHODOLOGY DESIGN PUGH CHART
MORPHOLOGICAL DESIGN 1 CHART DESIGN 2 DESIGN 3 DESIGN 4
METHODOLOGY DESIGN ASSEMBLY DRAWING
METHODOLOGY BIL OF MATERIAL
METHODOLOGY FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW Final Product Assembly
METHODOLOGY FABRICATION 1.Frame & Enclosure Assembly: Cut aluminum profiles to size and assembled the outer frame using corner brackets. Cut polycarbonate plastic sheets and mounted them into the aluminum frame to form the food box. 2.Mechanical Components Installation: Mounted the servo motor with the drive pulley onto the frame. Installed the driven pulley on the opposite side and tensioned the GT2 belt between them. Fastened the sliding door directly to the GT2 belt. 3.Electronics & Wiring: Positioned the IR sensor at the front/top for optimal hand detection. Wired the IR sensor and servo motor to the Arduino board with proper power management. 4.Programming & Testing: Programmed Arduino logic: IR sensor detects hand $\rightarrow$ Servo rotates drive pulley $\rightarrow$ GT2 belt pulls door open $\rightarrow$ Auto-closes after a set delay. Calibrated IR detection range and belt tension for smooth, reliable operation.
METHODOLOGY FABRICATION Sensor Installation & Testing Polycarbonate Plastic Cutting Drilling the Aluminuium Frame Food Cover Product Assembly Front View of Final Product Side View of Final Product 1 2 3 4 5 6
METHODOLOGY FABRICATION Project Development Chronology 1.Problem Identification – Identified the need for better protection of exposed food from dust, insects, and accidental contact. 2.Data Collection – Conducted observations and collected information from food outlets in Taman Cempaka. 3.Concept Development – Developed the idea of an automatic sliding food-cover system. 4.Design & Material Selection – Designed the box structure and selected polycarbonate, aluminium frame/railing, GT2 belt, pulleys, and other components. 5.Fabrication – Constructed the main box structure and installed the aluminium frame, railing, and sliding cover. 6.Control System Assembly – Installed the Arduino UNO, IR FC-51 sensor, and SG90 servo motor. 7.Mechanical System Installation – Connected the pulley and GT2 belt mechanism to operate the sliding polycarbonate door. 8.Programming – Programmed the Arduino so the IR sensor detects a hand and controls the door to open and close automatically. 9.Testing & Adjustment – Tested the movement and adjusted the belt, pulley alignment, sensor position, and servo operation. 10.Final Product – Completed and evaluated the Automatic Food Cover as a functional prototype. Problem Identification → Data Collection → Concept Development → Design & Material Selection → Fabrication → Component Installation → Programming → Testing & Adjustment → Final Product
METHODOLOGY FABRICATION (CODING)
METHODOLOGY FABRICATION (FLOWCHART)
1. Name of Test : Automatic Food Cover Functional and Responsiveness Test 2. Equipment : Automatic food cover prototype IR Infrared FC-51 sensor Arduino UNO R3 SG90 servo motor Pulley GT2 timing belt 9V battery Polycarbonate sliding door Aluminium frame and railing 3. Setup : The automatic food cover prototype is assembled with a polycarbonate sliding door, aluminium frame and railing, pulley and GT2 belt mechanism. The IR FC-51 sensor is positioned to detect the user's hand. The sensor is connected to the Arduino UNO R3, which controls the SG90 servo motor. The servo motor drives the pulley and GT2 belt to move the sliding door. A 9V battery is used as the power supply. METHODOLOGY TESTING
METHODOLOGY TESTING 4. Procedure : Step 1 - Switch on the automatic food cover system. Step 2 - Place a hand in front of the IR FC-51 sensor. Step 3 - The sensor detects the hand and sends a signal to the Arduino UNO R3. Step 4 - The Arduino processes the signal and activates the SG90 servo motor. Step 5 - The servo motor rotates the pulley and GT2 belt to move the sliding door. Step 6 - Observe whether the sliding door opens fully. Step 7 - Remove the hand from the sensor detection area. Step 8 - Observe whether the sliding door closes fully. Step 9 - Repeat the test several times to check the consistency of the opening and closing operation. Step 10 - Record whether the system operates according to the expected result.
METHODOLOGY TESTING
1. Name of Test : Sensor Detection Distance Test 2. Equipment : Automatic food cover prototype IR FC-51 sensor Arduino UNO R3 SG90 servo motor Ruler 3. Setup : The IR FC-51 sensor was positioned on the automatic food cover prototype. A ruler was used to measure the distance between the user's hand and the sensor. The system was switched on before the test was conducted. 4.Procedure : 1.Switch on the automatic food cover system. 2.Place the hand at a selected distance from the IR FC-51 sensor. 3.Observe whether the sensor detects the hand. 4.Observe whether the sliding door responds. 5.Repeat the test at different distances. 6.Record the detection and door response. METHODOLOGY TESTING
METHODOLOGY TESTING
1. Name of Test : Sliding Door Movement Test 2. Equipment : Automatic food cover prototype Polycarbonate sliding door SG90 servo motor Pulley GT2 timing belt Aluminium railing 3. Setup : The polycarbonate sliding door was installed on the aluminium railing and connected to the pulley and GT2 timing belt mechanism. The SG90 servo motor was used to drive the pulley and move the sliding door along the railing. 4.Procedure : 1.Switch on the automatic food cover system. 2.Activate the sensor to open the sliding door. 3.Observe the movement of the sliding door along the railing. 4.Check the movement of the pulley and GT2 timing belt. 5.Observe whether the door reaches the fully open position. 6.Remove the hand from the sensor detection area. 7.Observe the door movement during closing. 8.Check whether the door reaches the fully closed position. 9.Record any sticking, slipping or misalignment. METHODOLOGY TESTING
METHODOLOGY TESTING
1. Name of Test : Hand Detection Test 2. Equipment : Automatic Food Cover prototype IR FC-51 sensor Arduino UNO R3 Cardboard sliding door SG90 servo motor 3. Setup : The prototype was switched on with the IR FC-51 sensor connected to the Arduino UNO R3. The user's hand was placed within the effective detection area of the sensor. 4.Procedure : 1.Switch on the system. 2.Place the hand in front of the IR FC-51 sensor. 3.Observe whether the sensor detects the hand. 4.Record the detection as successful or unsuccessful. 5.Repeat the procedure for 20 trials. 6.Calculate the detection success rate. METHODOLOGY TESTING
METHODOLOGY TESTING
1. Name of Test : Response Time Test 2. Equipment : Automatic Food Cover prototype Cardboard sliding door IR FC-51 sensor Arduino UNO R3 SG90 servo motor Stopwatch / timer 3. Setup : The prototype was switched on and the timer was prepared to measure the time taken by the sliding door during opening and closing. 4.Procedure : 1.Switch on the system. 2.Activate the sensor using a hand. 3.Start the timer when the door begins to open. 4.Stop the timer when the door reaches the fully open position. 5.Record the opening time. 6.Remove the hand from the detection area. 7.Measure the time taken for the door to close completely. 8.Record the closing time. 9.Calculate the average response time. METHODOLOGY TESTING
METHODOLOGY TESTING
TESTING 1. Name of Test : Open-Close Cycle Test 2. Equipment : Automatic Food Cover prototype Cardboard sliding door IR FC-51 sensor Arduino UNO R3 SG90 servo motor Pulley GT2 timing belt 3. Setup : The complete Automatic Food Cover system was assembled and operated using the sensor-controlled sliding door mechanism. 4.Procedure : 1.Switch on the system. 2.Activate the sensor to open the sliding door. 3.Allow the door to reach the fully open position. 4.Remove the hand from the detection area. 5.Allow the door to close completely. 6.Record one complete open-close cycle. 7.Repeat the procedure for 20 cycles. 8.Record the number of successful and unsuccessful cycles. 9.Calculate the success rate. METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY TESTING
Successful (18) 90% Unsuccessful (2) 10%100%METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS 100% MECHANISM CYCLES 1.98 s AVG RESPONSE TIME 3 - 6 CM DETECTION RANGE 90% SENSOR ACCURACY Hand Detection Accuracy Rate (20 trials)Open - Close Cycle Endurance Test
METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS 1.Sensor Detection Distance Analysis
METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS 2.Motion Speed & Cycle Endurance Analysis Response Time Metrics 2.07 s Opening Time 1.89 s Closing Time 1.98 s Average Closing action 0.18s faster than opening. This indicates a slight difference in opening and closing movement time. Sub-2 second operations delivers ideal user convenience for food access while minimizing exposure to pests. Cycle Endurance Evaluation Success Rate (20/20 Cycles) 100% No mechanical error was oberved during the 20 cycle test: Pulley and GT2 belt mechanism completed all 20 test cycles without slippage or track derailment. Aligment Integrity: Polycarbonate door stayed fully aligned on aluminium rails across all trials.
TEST PARAMETER SAMPLE/CONDITION OBSERVED RESULT QUANTITATIVE METRIC STATUS Functional Responsiveness 4 Primary Trials Hand detected, door full open & close 4/4 Successes 100% Pass Sensing Distance Limit 3,4,5,6, >6 cm Detected 3-6 cm: No detection +6 cm Effective Threshold Range: 3 -6 cm Optional Range Siding Door Mechanics GT2 Belt, Pulley, Railing Smooth motion, full travel, no sticking 0 Mechanical Errors Passed IR Detection Consistency 20 Consecutive Trials 18 Syccessful / 2 Unsuccessful Accuracy 90% High Reliability Operation Timing Opening vc Closing Opening 2.07 s / Closing 1.89 s Mean Time: 1.98 s Fast Response Open-Close Cycle Life 20 Full Cycles 20 Successful / 0 Failed Endurance : 100% 100% Pass METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS 3.CONSOLIDATED EXPERIMENT DATA:
GANTT CHART X XX XX X X XXX XXX X X X X X X X X ✓ ✓ Planned : Activity scheduled to be done. X Actual : Activity actually completed.
No. Material / Component Quantity Estimated Cost (RM) 1. Polycarbonate (PC) plastic 6 piece 88 2. SG90 Servo Motor 1 13 3. Pulley 2 15.67 4. Screws and Nuts 6 13 5. Arduino UNO R3 1 20 6. IR Infrared FC-51 1 7 7. GT2 Conveyor/Timing Belt 1 14.82 8. Aluminium Frame and Railing 12 30 9 Heat Gun 1 34.31 Total 235.80 ESTIMATED COST
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 1. Overall Product Design The design of the Automatic Food Cover was developed to provide a practical and automatic method of protecting displayed food. The overall design consists of a rectangular enclosure with a transparent polycarbonate front cover, aluminium frame, sliding rail, pulley and GT2 belt mechanism. The design was developed with consideration of functionality, simplicity, cost, size, material availability and ease of fabrication. The transparent polycarbonate panel allows users to see the food clearly while the sliding cover provides a physical barrier when the food is not being accessed. Design results: Compact and suitable for food display areas. Transparent cover allows clear visibility of food. Aluminium frame provides structural support. Sliding mechanism allows easy opening and closing. Design allows integration of automatic control components.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 2. Sliding Door Design A single sliding polycarbonate door was selected instead of a hinged door. The door moves horizontally along the aluminium railing, allowing the front opening to be covered without requiring additional space for a swinging door. The sliding-door design also provides a simple connection between the mechanical and electronic systems. The movement of the door is controlled through the pulley and GT2 belt mechanism connected to the servo motor. Design considerations: Door dimensions were matched to the opening of the food-cover box. Aluminium railing was positioned to guide the door. Polycarbonate was selected for visibility and lightweight construction. The sliding movement reduces the space required compared with a hinged door.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 3. Automatic Mechanism Design The automatic mechanism was designed using an IR FC-51 sensor, Arduino UNO R3 and SG90 servo motor. The IR sensor detects the presence of a user's hand near the access area. The Arduino processes the sensor signal and controls the servo motor accordingly. The servo motor rotates the pulley, which moves the GT2 belt. The belt transfers the motion to the sliding door, allowing it to open or close automatically. Working sequence: Hand detected → IR sensor → Arduino UNO → Servo motor → Pulley & GT2 belt → Sliding door opens Hand removed → IR sensor → Arduino UNO → Servo motor → Pulley & GT2 belt → Sliding door closes This design reduces the need for users to manually touch the food cover during food access.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 4. Design Integration One of the main results of the design stage was the successful integration of the mechanical structure and electronic control system. The aluminium frame and railing provide the physical structure, while the pulley and belt system provide movement. The Arduino, sensor and servo motor provide automatic control. The components were arranged to keep the system relatively compact and to avoid unnecessary complexity. The design also allows individual components to be adjusted or replaced if maintenance or modification is required. Design integration results: Mechanical and electronic systems were successfully combined. Sensor position allows hand detection near the access area. Servo motor is connected to the pulley mechanism. Belt transfers motor rotation to sliding movement. Components are arranged within the prototype structure.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 5. Design Evaluation The completed design demonstrates that an automatic sliding food cover can be developed using relatively simple and affordable components. The design successfully combines a protective enclosure with an automatic access mechanism. During evaluation, some design limitations were identified. The polycarbonate sliding door adds weight to the mechanism, which increases the load on the SG90 servo motor. The movement of the door is also affected by the alignment and tension of the GT2 belt. Therefore, accurate positioning of the pulley and proper belt tension are important for achieving consistent movement. Main findings: Main findings: ✅ Design successfully meets the basic concept of an automatic food cover. ✅ Sliding-door concept provides automatic access to the food. ✅ Transparent polycarbonate improves visibility. ✅ Compact structure is suitable for a prototype food display system. ✅ Mechanical and electronic components can be integrated into one system. ⚠ Door weight affects servo performance. ⚠ Belt tension and pulley alignment affect movement consistency.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 6. Overall Design Result Overall, the design stage successfully produced a functional concept and prototype layout for the Automatic Food Cover. The design provides a combination of food protection, automatic operation and user convenience. The final design demonstrates the application of basic mechanical engineering principles such as linear motion, belt-drive transmission, structural support and component integration, together with an Arduino-based control system. Further design improvements could focus on reducing door weight, improving belt tensioning and using a higher-torque drive system for smoother and more reliable operation.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 1. Fabrication of Main Structure The main structure of the Automatic Food Cover was successfully fabricated according to the proposed design. The structure was constructed using aluminium framing and polycarbonate panels to provide a lightweight but rigid enclosure. The aluminium frame was used to support the overall structure, while the polycarbonate material was selected for the food-cover panels because it is transparent and allows the food to remain visible to users. During fabrication, the aluminium frame and polycarbonate panels were measured and cut according to the required dimensions. The components were then aligned and secured using screws and nuts. This method allowed the structure to be assembled without welding and made the prototype easier to modify during the testing stage. Fabrication results: Main box structure successfully completed. Aluminium frame provided structural support. Polycarbonate panels provided visibility of the food. Components were securely connected using screws and nuts. Overall structure achieved a compact and practical design.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 2. Fabrication of Sliding Door Mechanism The sliding door was fabricated using a polycarbonate sheet positioned at the front opening of the food-cover box. An aluminium railing was installed to guide the movement of the sliding door. The purpose of this mechanism is to allow the cover to move horizontally instead of using a conventional hinged door. The sliding mechanism was designed to provide sufficient opening space when food is being accessed and to close the opening when the food is not being accessed. Proper alignment between the sliding door and railing was important to prevent excessive friction and uneven movement. Results: Sliding door was successfully installed. Aluminium railing provided a guide for horizontal movement. The door was able to move between the open and closed positions. The mechanism reduced the need for manual lifting of the cover.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 3. Installation of Pulley and GT2 Belt System The pulley and GT2 belt mechanism was installed to transfer rotational movement from the SG90 servo motor into linear movement of the sliding door. The belt was arranged around the pulleys and connected to the sliding door mechanism. During the fabrication and testing process, belt alignment and tension were found to be important factors affecting the movement of the door. If the belt was too loose, the door could experience inconsistent movement or fail to return to exactly the same position. Therefore, adjustments were made to improve the belt tension and pulley alignment. Main fabrication considerations: Pulley alignment. GT2 belt tension. Secure mounting of pulleys. Proper connection between belt and sliding door. Smooth movement along the railing.
4. Installation of Electronic Components The electronic components were integrated into the fabricated structure to provide automatic operation. An Arduino UNO R3 was used as the main controller, while the IR FC-51 sensor was installed near the food access area to detect the presence of a user's hand. The SG90 servo motor was connected to the pulley mechanism. When the IR sensor detects a hand, the Arduino sends a signal to the servo motor, causing the pulley and belt system to move the sliding cover. When the hand is removed, the system operates the door in the opposite direction. Components integrated: Arduino UNO R3 IR FC-51 sensor SG90 servo motor Pulley system GT2 belt Polycarbonate sliding door Aluminium railing RESULTS & DISCUSSION
5. Overall Fabrication Result The fabrication stage successfully produced a working prototype of the Automatic Food Cover. The mechanical structure, sliding door, pulley system, belt mechanism and electronic components were integrated into one system. The completed prototype demonstrates the feasibility of combining a simple mechanical sliding mechanism with an electronic sensing and control system. The transparent polycarbonate cover also allows the food to remain visible while providing an additional physical barrier against dust, insects and accidental contact. However, several fabrication factors required attention during the development process. The weight of the polycarbonate sliding door placed additional load on the servo motor. In addition, belt tension and pulley positioning affected the consistency of the door movement. These issues were addressed through adjustment and alignment during the fabrication and testing stages. Final Fabrication Findings ✅ Main structure successfully fabricated. ✅ Polycarbonate sliding door successfully installed. ✅ Aluminium railing successfully used as the sliding guide. ✅ Pulley and GT2 belt mechanism successfully integrated. ✅ Arduino, IR sensor and servo motor successfully assembled. ✅ Automatic opening and closing function demonstrated. ⚠ Belt tension and servo torque affected movement consistency. ⚠ Further mechanical adjustment can improve smoothness and positioning accuracy. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
RESULTS & DISCUSSION Tittle: Testing Results – Functional Performance Functional & Responsiveness Test 4 trials conducted Hand detection: 4/4 successful Door opening: 4/4 successful Door closing: 4/4 successful Success rate: 100% TESTING RESULTS: FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE
Distance Detection 3 cm Detected 4 cm Detected 5 cm Detected 6 cm Detected > 6 cm Not detected RESULTS & DISCUSSION 1) Sensor Detection Performance 2) Hand Detection Test SENSOR & HAND DETECTION RESULTS Total: 20 Trials Successful: 18 Unsuccessful: 2 Detection Success Rate: 90% 18 ÷ 20 × 100 = 90%
Title: Sliding Door Performance Sliding Door Movement Door movement: Smooth Pulley movement: Smooth GT2 belt: Stable Door alignment: Aligned Fully open: Yes Fully closed: Yes Door sticking: No Operation Time (s) Door opening 2.07 Door closing 1.89 Average 1.98 RESULTS & DISCUSSION SLIDING DOOR & RESPONSE RESULTS Response Time:
Test Result Functional & Responsiveness 100% successful Detection Distance Up to 6 cm Sliding Door Movement Smooth & stable Hand Detection 90% success Average Response Time 1.98 s Open-Close Cycle 100% successful RESULTS & DISCUSSION Tittle: Overall Result and Discussion TESTING RESULTS: FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE
RESULTS & DISCUSSION Discussion: The prototype was able to perform automatic opening and closing. Sensor positioning affected hand detection performance. The sliding mechanism operated smoothly during testing. Further improvement is needed for sensor consistency and door durability. TESTING RESULTS: FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE
Successful Unsuccessful 0 5 10 15 20RESULTS & DISCUSSION Analysis: Sensor Performance Hand Detection Test Number of Trials 2 18 Results The hand detection test achieved 90% accuracy, with 18 successful detections out of 20 trials. The sensor successful detected the user’s hand within a detection range 3-6 cm Discussion The sensor detected the user’s hand in most of the tested trials. However, 2 unsuccessful detections were recorded, indicating that the sensor detection was not fully consistent under the tested conditions. The hand needs to be positioned within the 3-6 cm range for the system to respond.
Opening Closing 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Time (seconds) Opening vs Closing Time Analysis: Response & Mechanical Performance RESULTS & DISCUSSION 2.07s 1.89s Results The average response time was 1.98 seconds, consisting of an opening time of 2.07 seconds and a clsoing time of 1.89 seconds. The sliding door completed the opening and closing movement without observed sticking, slipping or misalignment during the test. Discussion The opening and closing operations were completed within approximately 2 seconds. The closing operation was 0.18 seconds faster than the opening operations, showing a small differences in movement time between the two operations. The mechanical test also showed that the sliding mechanism was able to complete its intended movement without observed mechanical errors during the testing period.
Cycle Results Number RESULTS & DISCUSSION Analysis: Cycles Reliability 100% Cycle Success Rate Successful Failed 20 0 Results The system successful completed 20 out of 20 open - close cycles, resulting in a 100% cycle success rate. Discussion The results shows that the prototype was able to perform repeated opening and closing operations throughout the 20 cycles test without a recorded cycle failure. This indicates that the system maintained its basic opening and closing functions during the tested cycles. However, this results represents the performance observed during the 20 cycles test and does not represent long - term durability.
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION Conclusion The Automatic Food Cover with Hand Detection was successfully developed to provide a more hygienic and convenient way to cover food. The system uses hand detection to automatically open and close the cover, reducing the need for direct contact. The testing showed that the prototype can perform the basic opening and closing functions as intended.
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION Recommendation The system can be improved by increasing the sensor accuracy and response time. The cover mechanism can also be made smoother and more stable. The product design can be improved to make the shape more attractive and compact. The arrangement of the electrical and mechanical components should also be more organized and neat. In the future, a stronger and more food-safe material can be used, and the system can be tested under different environmental conditions for better reliability. 1.Use a higher-torque motor A higher-torque servo or geared motor can be used to move the polycarbonate door more smoothly and reliably, especially because the door has a relatively high weight. 2.Improve the sliding mechanism Future development can include linear bearings, rollers, or a smoother rail system to reduce friction and improve the movement of the sliding door. 3.Improve sensor performance A more advanced sensor, such as an ultrasonic or proximity sensor, can be considered to provide more accurate hand detection and reduce false triggering. 4.Add adjustable control features Future versions could include adjustable opening and closing speed, delay time, and detection distance to allow the system to be adapted to different food-display sizes and operating conditions.
REFERENCES 1) Amran, W. Z. M., & Samsudin, A. H. (2022). Food Cover. In Prototype Design Collection Series 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Johor 2) Kuswandi, B.,Moradi, M., & Ezati, P. (2022). Food sensors: Off-package and on-package approaches. Packaging Technology and Science, 35(12), 847–862. 3) A. A. Okandeji et al., “Design Analysis of a Microcontroller Based Automatic Switching System using Passive Infrared Sensor,” 2020. 4) E. O. Amuta et al., “Motion Detection System Using Passive Infrared Technology,” 2024. 5)Demirel, O. (2012). Development of automobile chassis parts via aluminium extrusion and sand casting technology. Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University. 6)Bignardi, C., Cavazza, A., Laganà, C., Salvadeo, P., & Corradini, C. (2017). Release of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) from food contact polycarbonate: Effect of ageing. Food Control, 71, 329–335. 7) Wang, X., et al. (2018). Influence of opening and closing process of sliding door on interface airflow characteristic in operating room. Building and Environment, 144, 459–473. 8) Mishra, V., (2021). Experimental investigations on ultra-precision machining of polycarbonate and related issues. Journal of Micromanufacturing, 4(1), 61–73.
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