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Li-ion batteriesMinistry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) - Nodal ministry for regulating battery waste, including lithium-ion batteries. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) - Designated monitoring authority for enforcing EPR targets and registering stakeholders on Common EPR SSO Portal. Ministry of Mines - Nodal authority for developing domestic recycling facilities, recovering critical minerals through ‘Critical Mineral Recycling Incentive Scheme’. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST) - Spearhead the funding and transfer of low-cost, indigenous recycling technologies to local startups and industries. a) Battery Waste Management Rules, 2025 b) Battery Waste Management Rules, 2024 c) Battery Waste Management Rules, 2023 d) Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022 e) Batteries Management Rules, 2001 24 Feb 2025 Rules are implemented under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by : a) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) b) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) Covers all battery types: portable, automotive, industrial, and Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries, regardless of attachment. Standalone batteries (like AA/AAA cells, EV battery packs) exclusively fall under BWMR. EPR mandates specific recycling targets based purely on the weight/type of battery. https://cpcb.nic.in/rules-5/ https://eprbattery.cpcb.gov.in/upload/admin Doc/Battery_Waste_Management_(Amendme nt)_Rules,_2025.pdf https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.asp x?PRID=2219285®=3&lang=1 https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/202 2-07/ACC-battery-reuse-and-recycling- market-in-India_Niti-Aayog_UK.pdfE-waste Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) - Nodal ministry responsible for the policy, regulation, and enforcement of e-waste rules in India. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) - Designated monitoring authority for enforcing EPR targets and registering stakeholders on Common EPR SSO Portal. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) - Nodal ministry for technology development, circular economy planning in the electronics sector and promoting recycling infrastructure. a) E-Waste Third Amendment Rules, 2024 b) E-Waste Second Amendment Rules, 2023 c) E-Waste First Amendment Rules, 2023 d) E- Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 e) E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016 08 Mar 2024 Rules are implemented under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 by : a) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) b) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) Covers 106 categories of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) like IT, medical, and consumer devices. Only applies to batteries embedded inside electronic devices, not standalone. EPR targets are based on the weight/ type of Electrical and Electronic Equipment sold. https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.as px?PRID=2155124®=3&lang=2Toxic and hazardous industrial waste Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) - Nodal ministry for hazardous waste, transboundary movement control & chemical safety policies. Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals (DCPC) - Tasked with assigning and reducing toxic and hazardous industrial wastes by promoting circularity & R&D. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) - Responsible for implementing rules, issuing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for processing, and maintaining guidelines for Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (TSDF). State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) - Responsible for granting authorization to individual industrial occupiers to handle, treat and dispose of hazardous wastes. Hazardous and other Wastes (Management & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 1.First Amendments Rules, 06.07.2016 2.Second Amendments Rules, 28.02.2017 3.Third Amendments Rules, 11.06.2018 4.Fourth Amendments Rules, 01.03.2019 5.Fifth Amendments Rules, 09.10.2020 6.Sixth Amendments Rules, 12.11.2021 7.Seventh Amendments Rules, 21.07.2022 (EPR Waste Tyre) 8.Eighth Amendments Rules, 18.09.2023 (EPR Used Oil) 9.Ninth Amendments Rules, 12.03.2024 10.Tenth Amendments Rules, 12.11.2024 Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 11.First Amendments Rules, 21.07.2009 12 Nov 2024 Primary implementing authority for hazardous waste management in India : a) State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) and Pollution Control Committee (PCC) in Union Territories (UTs), e.g., DPCC for issuing mandatory authorization. b) Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) - Regulates the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes, overseeing imports and exports for recycling or reuse. c) Port and Customs Authorities - Verify the import and export documentation and licenses granted by the DGFT and MoEF&CC to prevent illegal dumping. Applicable to hazardous wastes and other wastes. Hazardous waste means any waste which by reason of characteristics such as physical, chemical, biological, react
Scrap metal (ferrous and nonferrous)Ministry of Mines oversees Non-Ferrous Scrap (e.g., aluminum, copper, lead, zinc), managing the National Non-Ferrous Metal Scrap Recycling Framework and the Non-Ferrous Metal Recycling Portal. Ministry of Steel serves as the nodal ministry, governing ferrous/iron-based scrap and the Steel Scrap Recycling Policy. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) regulate the environmental compliance and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mandates for both categories. a) Non Ferrous : Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Amendment Rules, 2025 b) Ferrous : Steel Scrap Recycling Policy a) 01 Jul 2025 b) 07 Nov 2019 Ministry of Steel - Implements the Steel Scrap Recycling Policy, focusing on ferrous metals and establishing an organized ecosystem for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) and industrial steel scrap. Ministry of Mines - Oversees the National Non-ferrous Metal Scrap Recycling Framework, aiming to improve resource efficiency and reduce import dependency on metals like aluminum, copper, and zinc. MoEFCC is responsible for the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules and the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework for scrap metals. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is primary implementing authority for environmental compliance, EPR tracking, and managing the recycling, disposal, and movement of hazardous metal wastes. Introduced on July 1, 2025, these rules set up an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system for 18 products made from non-ferrous metals like aluminum, copper, and zinc. Under the rules, producers and manufacturers must: Register themselves Meet recycling targets Use recycled materials in production Submit regular compliance reports The rules will take effect on April 1, 2026 & also include obligations for bulk consumers. EPR recycling target structure progressively increases from 10% in 2026-2027 to 75% by 2032-2033 for products made of non-ferrous metals. The product list including the following; Packaging foils for food and pharma products, Utensils, Cans for beverages, aerosols Furniture, Motors, pumps, Conductor cables and wires, strips, Electrical fittings, Aluminum alloy bicycle, Apparel products Toys https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.asp x?PRID=1591038®=3&lang=2 https://www.fedmin.com/fedmin/NonFerrous MetalSRF2020.pdf https://enviliance.com/regions/south- asia/in/report_13863Tyre and Rubber Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) - Nodal ministry for tyre and rubber waste and designated authority overseeing the Circular Economy Action Plan for Tyre and Rubber and are responsible for enforcing waste management regulations. The import of used or waste tyres requires strict permissions and a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the MoEF&CC to ensure they are used solely for authorized recycling. MoEF&CC strictly regulates tyre pyrolysis plants and prohibits the import of waste tyres specifically for producing pyrolysis oil or char. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) - Designated monitoring authority for enforcing EPR targets and registering stakeholders on Common EPR SSO Portal. Refer portal for compliance requirements, guidelines or to track tyre waste credits. Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, covers used tyres. Later, MoEF&CC has notified the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Amendment Rules, 2022, vide Notification No. G.S.R. 593(E) dated 21.07.2022. These amended rules have provisions for the utilization & management of waste tyres through regime of Extended Producer responsibility as per schedule-IX. 21 Jul 2022 Primary implementing authority: MoEFCC introduced EPR framework for waste tyres. Oversees national-level coordination for waste tyre management. Ensures India's compliance with international conventions (e.g., Basel Convention for hazardous waste). Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) registers producers, importers, and recyclers under the EPR regime. Publishes guidelines on storage, transportation, and processing of waste tyres. Conducts audits and inspections to ensure compliance. Monitors environmental compliance of pyrolysis units and other facilities. State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) / Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) grant authorizations to recycling/retreading units. Monitor compliance of local tyre processing units. Assist CPCB in maintaining compliance data from their jurisdiction. Approve site locations for new recycling facilities. Municipal Corporations / Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) coordinate with informal collectors & scrap dealers to channel tyres to authorized recyclers. Provide space or support infrastructure for collection centers or storage. Help in integrating waste tyre collection into the city’s overall solid waste manage
End of Life VehiclesMinistry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) - Nodal ministry for overseeing the scrapping policy, sets guidelines for Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities (RVSFs), and manages vehicle deregistration and automated fitness testing. One can locate RVSFs, check policies, and view authorized centers on the official MoRTH Vahan Portal. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) - Nodal ministry for notifying environmental guidelines and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) targets. They ensure the environmentally sound de-pollution, dismantling and recycling of ELVs. Key legislative timeline for ELVs in India is as follows: 2015 (April): National Green Tribunal (NGT) instituted landmark ruling preventing diesel vehicles older than 10 years and petrol vehicles older than 15 years from plying in the Delhi-NCR region. 2021 (September): MoRTH notified the Motor Vehicle (Registration and Functions of Vehicle Scrapping Facility) Rules, laying groundwork for establishing formal, regulated scrapping facilities. 2023 (March) : Revised Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Facilities for Handling and Scrapping of End-of- Life Vehicles (ELVs) 2025 (January 6): MoEFCC officially notified the comprehensive Environment Protection (End-of-Life Vehicles) Rules, 2025 which came into force on 1st April. Introduced Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) targets, centralized online portals for vehicle tracking, and mandatory hazardous waste management. 2025 (July): Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for ELVs issued by Govt of NCT of Delhi are rigorously outlined by regional transport authorities, establishing the exact mechanics for determining 90% ferrous scrap value and digital payouts. 2026 (March): MoEFCC amended ELV rules to include bulk consumers, vehicle dealers, and insurance companies as entities obligated to surrender total-loss or end-of- life vehicles directly to RVSFs. 27 Mar 2026 Key implementation measures include: Delhi NCR Enforcement: Local authorities—backed by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) enforce a strict ban denying fuel to diesel vehicles older than 10 years and petrol vehicles older than 15 years. Flagged overage vehicles are subject to immediate seizure if operated. CPCB oversees PARIVAHAN Vehicle Scrapping Portal that tracks the transfer, de-registration, and scrapping of ELVs directly to Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities (RVSFs). Automated Testing & Scrapping: Routine fitness testing is mandated through Automated Testing Stations (ATS). Vehicles deemed unroadworthy or over-age must be scrapped at an authorized RVSF to receive a Certificate of Vehicle Scrapping. EPR targets: Automotive manufacturers are required to meet annual collection and recycling targets, linking production to the responsible disposal of older units. Penalties for operating or scrapping ELVs outside of authorized procedures are strictly enforced under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Under the 2026 amendments, the definition of "waste management rules" is explicitly added to include EPR rules for the environmentally sound management of wastes notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. a) Producers are now responsible for fulfilling EPR obligations for a broader range of waste generated from End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV), including steel scrap, used oil, waste tyres, waste batteries, e-waste, and plastic waste. b) If EPR obligations for ELV waste are not met under other specific waste rules, producers must procure EPR certificates & meet targets as specified in these new rules. c) Mandated use of recycled steel (new rule 9A): A major new requirement is the mandatory inclusion of recycled content in new vehicles. Starting from the financial year 2026-27, producers must ensure that a minimum of 10% of the total weight of steel used in a new vehicle (excluding fuel weight) is recycled steel. If a producer sources steel- containing auto parts from other manufacturers, they must obtain and furnish certificates from those suppliers confirming the use of recycled steel. d) Enhanced reporting and data declaration: Producers must declare details of vehicles introduced to the domestic market from FY2005-06 to FY2024-25 by 30 June, 2026,. This declaration must include weights of steel, tyres, oil, electronics, batteries, and plastics used in those vehicles. e) Updated EPR targets for steel scrap: The schedule has been revised to provide specific weight-based EPR targets for both non-transport and transport vehicles. For non- transport vehicles the targets start at 8% of the steel used in vehicles from 20 years prior (for FY2025-26) and gradually increase to 70% for FY2055-56 onwards. For transport vehicles, targets similarly start at 8% of steel used 15 years prior and scale up to 75% for FY2050-51 onwards. f) Recyclers will generate EPR certificates on a centralised online portal for non-steel waste categories (oil, tyres, batteries, e-waste, and plastic) if su
Used OilUsed Cooking Oil (UCO) - Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare oversees the quality and consumption safety of cooking oils. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) is the nodal ministry governing its aggregation and conversion into biodiesel. Industrial and Hazardous Used Oil - Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) are the nodal authorities. They regulate handling, track recycling quotas, and manage Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) compliance. Used oil management is strictly governed by Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016. Hazardous Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) 2nd Amendment Rules, 2023 added the extended producer responsibility (EPR) for used oil. FSSAI’s HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF USED COOKING OIL, Guidance note 06/2018. 18 Sept 2023 Primary implementing authority : Used oil is legally classified as hazardous waste due to its toxic properties. Authorized Handling: Only recyclers officially authorized by the relevant SPCB can collect, transport, and re-refine used oil. Storage Limits: Authorized facilities can typically only store used oil for a maximum of 90 days before processing. Disposal Bans: Dumping or burning used oil, or selling it to unauthorized channels is illegal and heavily penalized. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) regulates Used cooking oil (UCO) in India. FSSAI mandates edible oils used for frying can’t exceed Total Polar Compound (TPC) limit of 25%. Businesses producing large quantities of UCO must hand it over exclusively to authorized aggregators to be safely converted into biodiesel, under initiatives like Eat Right India's RUCO. Used Oil : Any oil derived from crude oil or mixtures containing synthetic oil including spent oil, used engine oil, gear oil, hydraulic oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, industrial gear oil, heat transfer oil, transformer oil and their tank bottom sludge; and suitable for reprocessing, if it meets the specification laid down in Part A of Schedule-V of Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management & Transboundary Movement) [HOWM] Rules, 2016 but does not include waste oil as defined in HOWM Rules, 2016. Under 2023 amendment rules, EPR imposes new obligations on producers, importers, bulk generators, collectors and recyclers of used oil, base oils and lubricants. These amended rules came into effect on April 1, 2024. Exemptions : Oils such as white oil, process oils used in manufacturing processes, as well as lubricants such as greases, etc., which do not lead to generation of any residual used oil, may not have EPR obligation. However, the concerned Producers have to get registered on EPR Portal. The waste oil regulations are applicable to any business that generates waste oil. A few examples of such businesses include - Restaurants, cafés, cloud kitchens Hotels and resorts Food manufacturers Food processing units Industries using lubricants or oils https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.as px?PRID=1586943®=3&lang=2 EPR Portal for Used Cooking Oil https://eprusedoil.cpcb.gov.in/ https://prai.org.in/Used%20Oil%20Manageme nt-%20Collection%20&%20Recycling.pdf https://cpcb.nic.in/uploads/Projects/usedoil/ Used_Oil_FAQ.pdfSolar Panels Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) - Nodal ministry that formulates environmental regulations and mandates recycling. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) - Nodal ministry for developing renewable energy policy & promoting circular economy practices in solar sector. E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 - India officially integrated solar waste into its environmental framework. Producers are now required to register on a centralized portal and report module inventories. Draft Guidelines for the Storage and Handling of Waste Solar PV Modules, 2025 under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, released by CPCB, outline rules for proper transportation, storage & traceability to prevent unauthorized dumping of Waste Solar Photo-Voltaic Modules or Panels or Cells. Guidelines for Storage and Handling of Waste Solar Photo-Voltaic Modules or Panels or Cells, March 2026 version 1.0, under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 finalized by CPCB setting solar e-waste handling standard operating procedures (SOPs). While the rules mandate strict storage and safe handling for domestic producers up to 2034–2035, mandatory Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) recycling targets are deferred to allow domestic recycling capacity to mature. 16 Mar 2026 Primary implementing authority : MoEFCC notified the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 which covers environmentally sound management of e-waste generated from electrical and electronic equipment, including solar photo- voltaic panels. An online EPR Portal for e-waste management has also been made operational by the CPCB. MNRE had launched an “Innovatio
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) - Nodal ministry that oversees the planning, policies and implementation of urban sanitation and solid waste management (SWM) through flagship programs like the Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) - Nodal ministry responsible for formulating overarching environmental policies, national regulations, and guidelines to ensure environmentally sound practices. MoEFCC has notified the New Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules, 2026, superseding the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. The rules have been notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and will come into full effect from April 1, 2026. These revised rules integrate the principles of Circular Economy and Extended Producer Responsibility, with a specific focus on efficient waste segregation and management. 27 Jan 2026 The primary implementing authorities for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) rules in India are the Urban and Rural Local Bodies (e.g., Municipal Corporations, Panchayats), which handle direct collection and processing, overseen at the state level by the respective State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and centrally by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). 4 stream segregation of solid waste at source has been made mandatory under the new SWM Rules, 2026. a) Wet waste includes kitchen waste, vegetables, fruit peels, meat, flowers, etc., which shall be composted or processed through bio-methanation at the nearest facility. b) Dry waste comprises plastic, paper, metal, glass, wood and rubber, etc., and shall be transported to Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) for sorting and recycling. c) Sanitary waste includes used diapers, sanitary towels, tampons and condoms, etc., which shall be securely wrapped and stored separately. d) Special care waste includes paint cans, bulbs, mercury thermometers and medicines, etc., which shall be collected by authorised agencies or deposited at designated collection centres. It introduces Extended Bulk Waste Generator Responsibility (EBWGR) and require online tracking through a centralized portal. The new rules define Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Industrial units, including cement plants and waste-to-energy plants that currently use solid fuel, have been mandated to replace it with RDF. Fuel substitution rate will rise from current 5% to 15% over 6 year period. Swachh Bharat Mission, Swachh Bharat Mission Urban, SBMU, SBM, Swachh Survekshan https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files /Part1(1).pdf https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.asp x?PRID=2219676®=3&lang=1Plastic Waste Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) - Nodal ministry which drafts and notifies the central regulations governing plastic pollution, thickness of carry bags and define guidelines for biodegradable and compostable plastics. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) - Designated monitoring authority for enforcing EPR targets. Centralized EPR Portal ensures producers, importers, and brand owners are accountable for recycling their packaging waste. 1999: The Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage) Rules set the foundational framework, primarily banning the use of recycled plastic for carrying or packaging food. 2011: Amendments established basic guidelines for collection and prohibited the use of sachets for packing gutkha, tobacco, and pan masala. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, as amended, 2018 Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, as amended, 2021 Draft Notification on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Draft Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2022 Guidelines on Extended Producer Responsibility for Plastic Packaging 2nd Amendment of Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2022 Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2024 Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2025 Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) rules, 2026 31 Mar 2026 Enforcement Is Now Explicitly Decentralised Rule 12 has been amended to add three new sub- rules (3A, 3B, and 3C) that clarify which local body has enforcement authority for plastic waste rules. Rule 12(3A): Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) have enforcement authority in their jurisdiction for waste management rules, restrictions on plastic carry bags and packaging, and items banned under Rule 4. Where ULB and local authority jurisdictions overlap, the ULB takes precedence. In peri-urban areas outside the ULB jurisdiction, the local authority has enforcement power. Rule 12(3B): Gram Panchayats have enforcement authority in rural jurisdictions. Rule 12(3C): District-level Panchayats have enforcement authority in their jurisdiction. This decentralisation means enforcement of CPCB plastic waste rules is less dependent on state-level action and more likely to reach manufacturing units, waste generators, and suppliers at the local level. State Level Monitoring Committees Restructured : Rule 16(1) has been replaced with a detailed composition for State Level Monitoring Co
Biomedical WasteMinistry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) - Nodal ministry for biomedical waste management. Formulates and notifies the regulatory framework, notably the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, to ensure safe handling and disposal. Central Pollution Control Board (“CPCB”) - Notifies the Guidelines for Common Bio- medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities. The Guidelines provides for the criteria for development of new Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility (“CBWTF”) and duties of an operator of CBWTF. The Guidelines are applicable to all the upcoming, new and existing CBWTFs. State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) - Designated monitoring authorities responsible for the on-ground implementation and enforcement of these rules. 1998 - MoEF published the inaugural Bio- Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998. This established the first national regulatory framework for hospitals and clinics. 2003 - Amendment specifically relaxed rules on deep burial for rural areas and outlined emission standards for biomedical waste incinerators. 2011 - A comprehensive set of draft amendments were introduced, often referred to as the Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) (Amendment) Rules, 2011. These changes targeted improvements in the segregation and transport of bio-medical waste. 2016 - MoEFCC notified the sweeping Bio- Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, superseding the 1998 rules. These rules expanded the jurisdiction to include vaccination camps, blood donation camps, and surgical camps. They also reduced the waste categories from 10 to 4 and established strict digital reporting procedures. Guidelines for Management of Healthcare Waste as per Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016. 2018 - Amendments mandated the phase- out of the use of chlorinated plastic bags, blood bags, and gloves state-wide. It further required bar-coding for bags and containers holding biomedical waste. 2019 - Amendments streamlined procedures and allowed operators of Common Biomedical Waste Treatment Facilities (CBWTFs) to operate with provisional authorization in tandem with state pollution control board policies. 2020-2022: In response to the pandemic, CPCB continuously updated Guidelines for Management of Waste from COVID-19 Isolation Wards, Quarantine Centres, and Testing Labs (Revision 5) to ensure the specialized handling and disposal of infectious viral waste. 28 Mar 2016 The primary implementing bodies for the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules is MoEFCC though local oversight is heavily decentralized. a) State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) - The overarching authority responsible for issuing authorizations and monitoring compliance for all healthcare facilities and waste treatment operators. Check the state directory (e.g., Haryana State Pollution Control Board or Delhi Pollution Control Committee). b) District-Level Committees - Chaired by the District Magistrate (DM) or District Collector, these committees check facility compliance and submit biomonthly reports to the SPCB. c) Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) - Municipal corporations coordinate local infrastructure and monitor smaller healthcare establishments. Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) Management Rules, 2016 – Bio-medical waste has been classified into 4 categories instead of 10 to improve the segregation of waste at source. Phase-out the use of chlorinated plastic bags, gloves, and blood bags within two years. Ambit of the rules has been expanded to include vaccination camps, blood donation camps, surgical camps, or any other healthcare activity. Pre-treatment of the laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples, and blood bags through disinfection or sterilization on-site in the manner as prescribed by WHO or NACO. State Government to provide land for setting up common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facilities. No occupier shall establish an on-site treatment and disposal facility if a service of `common bio-medical waste treatment facility is available at a distance of 75 Km. The new rules prescribe more stringent standards for an incinerator to reduce the emission of pollutants in the environment; Inclusion of emissions limits for Dioxin and furans. https://dgehs.delhi.gov.in/dghs/biomedical- waste-management https://www.researchgate.net/publication/35 6084361_Knowledge_regarding_Bio_Medical_ Waste_Management_among_nurses_during_C OVID_19_Pandemic? _tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6Il9k aXJlY3QiLCJwYWdlIjoiX2RpcmVjdCJ9fQ