INDEX SL NO. TOPIC PAGE NO. 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2 ENGLISH 1 SPORTS AND THEIR BENEFITS 4 2 SAY IT FAST!! 5 3 WORDS TO LIVE BY 6 4 AYYANKALI 7 5 MOVIE REVIEW 8 6 A JOURNEY THROUGH CITIES, CULTURES AND MEMORIES 9 7 ECONOMIC DEBATE 11 8 PHANTOM: WHO IS SATASHI NAKAMOTO? 13 9 FUN FACTS 14 10 BEYOND THE STARS 15 11 FIFA WORLD CUP 16 12 CABO VERDE’S AMAZING FIFA STORY 17 13 THREE LEGENDS, THREE LEGACIES, MESSI, NEYMAR AND RONALDO 18 14 BALLON D’OR 19 15 CRICKET IN INDIA 20 16 ROYAL CHALLENGERS BENGALURU 22 17 CHENNAI SUPER KINGS 23 18 A TRIP TO TAMIL NADU 24 19 FEMINISM 25
20 RALPH LAUREN 26 21 MATILDA 28 22 BOOK REVIEW: THE SILENT PATIENT 29 23 ECHOES OF WISDOM 30 24 GALLANTARY AND CIVILIAN AWARDS 31 25 VALENTINO 32 26 KOENIGSEGG 34 27 BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE 35 हिन्दी 28 मेरा विद्यालय 37 29 लक्षद्वीप से जुड़ी यादें 38 30 पुर्तगाली फूटबाल 40 SCIENCE 31 HEART 42 32 BREATHING NECHANISM IN HUMAN BEINGS 45 33 THE FUNTION OF LUNGS IN HUMAN BEINGS 47 34 CONCAVE AND CONVEX MIRRORS 48 POEMS 35 WORDS LEFT BEHIND 50 36 ECHOES OF THE END 52 37 FRIENDSHIP 53 38 DREAM BIG 54 39 MY CLASS IS MAGIC 55 40 KEEP GOING 56
ART 41 MANDELA ART 58 42 KRISHNA 59 43 FORD 60 44 BMW 60 45 BMW 61 46 ANIME 61 47 FLOWERS 62
INTRODUCTION Welcome to DISSENDIUM, a magazine that shows creativity, curiosity, and the diverse talents of our students. This word means imagination, mystic and a spell. Within the magazine, you'll discover qualities like these in the form of inspiring articles, engaging stories, essays, sports highlights, travel experiences, book reviews, and much more. Every contribution towards this magazine reflects the imagination, dedication, and hard work of our young writers and creators. We hope this magazine not only informs and entertains but also inspires readers to explore new ideas and appreciate the talents around them. Thank you to everyone who made this edition possible. We hope you enjoy reading DISSENDIUM as much as we enjoyed creating it.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We sincerely express our heartfelt gratitude to our respected Class Teacher, Mr. Yashpal Singh Sir, for the constant guidance, encouragement, and valuable support provided throughout the making of this magazine. Sirs’ suggestions and motivation inspired us to give our best. We also extend our thanks to all our classmates who contributed their ideas, articles, artwork, and creativity, making DISSENDIUM a meaningful and enjoyable publication. Finally, we thank everyone whose cooperation and enthusiasm helped turn this magazine into a reality. We hope our collective effort brings joy and inspiration to every reader.
ENGLISH
Sports are an important part of a healthy and happy life. They help us stay physically fit, mentally strong, and socially active. People of all ages can enjoy different kinds of sports such as football, basketball, cricket, badminton, athletics, and swimming. Playing sports regularly improves our health by strengthening our muscles and bones, increasing stamina, and reducing the risk of diseases. Sports also help maintain a healthy body weight and improve heart health. Apart from physical fitness, sports develop important life skills. They teach teamwork, discipline, leadership, time management, and sportsmanship. Athletes learn to work hard, face challenges, and never give up after failure. These qualities are useful in school, work, and everyday life. Sports also improve mental health. They reduce stress, increase confidence, and help us stay focused and positive. Playing with friends creates strong relationships and encourages cooperation and respect for others. In conclusion, sports play a vital role in building a healthy body and a strong mind. Everyone should make time for sports and physical activities to lead a balanced and successful life. ADINANDAN M.K.
SAY IT FAST! 5 TIMES CHALLENGE 1. Red lorry, Yellow lorry 2. She sells seashells by the seashore. 3. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. 4. Irish wristwatch, Swiss wristwatch. 5. Fresh fried fish, Fish fresh fried. 6. The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick. 7. Double bubble gum bubbles double. 8. A proper copper coffee pot. 9. Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? 10. Red bulb, Blue bulb. G. SREE GOURI
WORDS TO LIVE BY Proverbs and Meanings 1. Honesty is the best policy – Always tell the truth. 2. Actions speak louder than words – Show it; don't just say it. 3. Knowledge is power – The more you learn, the stronger you become. 4. Practice makes perfect – Keep doing it and you'll get better. 5. Hard work pays off – Your effort will show results. 6. No pain, no gain – You have to work for what you want. 7. The early bird catches the worm – Wake up early to study and win. 8. Every cloud has a silver lining – Bad days also have something good. 9. Don't judge a book by its cover – Don't judge people by their looks. 10. Look before you leap – Think before you do something. G. SREE GANGA
AYYANKALI Ayyankali was one of Kerala's greatest social reformers and a pioneering leader who fought against caste-based discrimination in the former princely state of Travancore. He was born on 28 August 1863 in Venganoor, Thiruvananthapuram, to Ayyan and Mala. In 1893, Ayyankali famously rode a bullock cart on roads that lower-caste people were forbidden to use, challenging caste restrictions. He campaigned for children from oppressed communities to be admitted to government schools. When access was denied, he helped establish schools for them. He organized one of Kerala's earliest agricultural labour strikes to demand education for children from oppressed communities and better treatment of workers. He founded the Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham (SJPS) to promote education, social equality, and justice for oppressed communities. Later, Ayyankali died on 18 June 1941 in Thiruvananthapuram. Ayyankali is remembered as a symbol of equality, courage, and social justice. His birthday, 28 August, is commemorated in Kerala, and statues, institutions, and memorials honour his contributions. He is widely regarded as one of the architects of Kerala's social renaissance. VAISHNAV R.L
MOVIE REVIEW MOLLYWOOD TIMES Directed by: Abhin X / Sunder Navaz Genre: Psychological dark comedy & satirical drama. Themes The film explores themes such as determination, transformation, harsh reality, idealism, and a cynical view of the Malayalam film industry. Review: The movie follows Vineeth Madhavan, a young and talented aspiring director. In his pursuit of becoming the best director, he faces numerous hardships and twisted adversities that shape his extremely idealistic character. Through his journey, the film explores harsh realities and truths that many people hesitate to acknowledge. For me, this movie is entirely different from a typical Malayalam film. It introduces an element that no other Malayalam movie has explored before. The film is thought-provoking, darkly comedic, and thrilling—qualities that many contemporary films often lack. This movie is exceptionally brilliant. If I had to describe it in one phrase, I would call it a complete wow-factor movie. It is a must-watch and deserves a 10/10 rating. SAYAANA SULTHANA A.S
Being the son of a father with a transferrable job, has been one of the greatest blessings of my life. While my motherland is in Keralam, I have had the opportunity to live in different parts of India, experiencing cultures, languages, and lifestyles which were completely different from my own, whilst living away from God’s Own Country for the majority of my life. Every city has taught me something new and helped me shape the person I am today. The first chapter of my journey began in Bangalore (Bengaluru), the capital city of Karnataka. Since it is close to Kerala, travelling home was never difficult. Although, Kannada was the major language, I gradually became familiar with it and spent six long years there, the longest stay of my life… The next stop was Kochi, the economic capital of Keralam. While I stayed there, the second decade of the 21st century welcomed it with the well- known COVID 19. I missed a whole 2 years of classroom experience. During this time, learning was shifted to a computer screened, online class. This very Online Class helped me continue my education. Before I knew it, four years had passed teaching me that life continues, whenever there is a pause. They find different ways to cope during a time where things are at an all-time low, during an unforgettable period of our history. The most memorable stay was in Mumbai, the financial capital of India. Initially, I was worried that not knowing Marathi would make life difficult. However I soon realised that Mumbai is a city where people from all over India come together and Hindi became the common language between ourselves instead of Marathi. More importantly, I made some of the best friends I have ever had. Even today, we remain in touch despite living miles apart. Living with people from different cultures taught me that friendships goes beyond language and background. Although I spent only
three years there, they remain some of the happiest years of my life, despite the language barrier and me managing to find only a handful of Malayali friends in Mumbai. Today, I live in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Keralam, since the language and culture were familiar, settling in was much easier. I quickly made new friends and felt at home once again. Looking back, I realise that every city has given me something valuable. If I had to choose one city that will always have a special place in my heart, it would be Mumbai. Although each city is better in its own way, the memories I made there, still come to me at random points in a day. These experiences have taught me that home is not a place, it is the people, memories and lessons which we carry with us wherever life takes us. ROSHWIN R. LOBO
ECONOMIC DEBATE The debate between Profit Maximization and Shareholder Wealth Maximization (SWM) represents a fundamental shift from short-term accounting metrics to long-term value creation. While profit maximization often encourages a narrow focus on immediate earnings—frequently ignoring the timing, risk, and sustainability of those returns—SWM serves as a more realistic goal. By prioritizing the present value of all future cash flows, SWM forces management to look beyond the balance sheet to the broader market perception of the firm's health and potential. Ultimately, Shareholder Wealth Maximization is considered the superior paradigm because it aligns the interests of management with the enduring success of the company. Unlike profit-based models, which can be manipulated through accounting choices or sustained at the expense of future growth, SWM demands prudent risk management and long-term strategic vision. It recognizes that true corporate value is not merely the accumulation of past earnings, but the capacity of the firm to generate consistent, risk-adjusted returns for its shareholders over time. 1) The Limitation of Profit Maximization: A Critical Analysis Profit maximization has historically been the primary goal of business, yet it fails as a comprehensive objective due to its inherent limitations.
• Accounting Myopia: Profit is an accounting construct. It is sensitive to subjective choices, such as the depreciation method, inventory valuation (FIFO vs. LIFO), and the timing of revenue recognition. Consequently, profit figures can be "smoothed" or manipulated to meet short-term targets, potentially obscuring the underlying health of the firm. • The Time Value of Money (TVM) Deficit: Profit maximization operates as if all units of currency have equal value regardless of when they are earned. It fails to recognize the opportunity cost of capital. A dollar of profit earned today is objectively more valuable than a dollar earned in five years; profit maximization ignores this disparity. • Neglect of Risk: Profit maximization treats all income as equal. It does not distinguish between a "safe" project and a "speculative" one. By ignoring the volatility associated with future returns, it fails to provide a benchmark for whether the profit earned justifies the risk undertaken. SHAHANA S.H.
PHANTOM: WHO IS SATOSHI NAKAMOTO THE MYSTERIOUS MAN ‘SATOSHI NAKAMOTO” THE MAN WHO DISSAPPEARED AFTER CREATING BITCOIN. Where it all began...... The mysterious man who used the name Satoshi Nakamoto created digital money, Bitcoin as a solution for the global financial crisis. On 31 October 2008 he published a 9-paged white paper titled “Bitcoin: Peer- to-Peer Electronic Cash System”, which explained how to use Bitcoin without any government or bank acting as a middlemen. Birth of Bitcoin On 3 January 2009, Satoshi mined the Genesis Block (the very first Bitcoin block). This marked the official launch of Bitcoin network and Satoshi also released the first version of the the Bitcoin software so anyone could have access to it. Satoshi communicated with developers through emails and online forums. He also encouraged others to help develop bitcoin as an open-source project. Finally on 2010 he handed over the control of Bitcoin to trusted developers as more developers began working on Bitcoin. In 2011 he sent last known message saying that he had “moved on to other things”, after this he completely disappeared forever till this day. Satoshi is believed to have around 1 million Bitcoins which have remained almost completely untouched, adding to the mystery. why this a mystery is because of him creating a epoch in world of finance without even taking a public credit. Even today no one knows who Nakamoto is, remaining as a greatest unsolved mystery ever. SAYAANA SULTHANA A.S.
FUN FACTS!! Octopuses have blue blood: They have three hearts and blue blood, which helps them survive in the deep ocean. Owls can't move their eyes. Starfish can grow their arms back. Lost arms regenerate just like superheroes. A jellyfish is 95% water. Bees communicate by dancing. A snail has 14,000 teeth. Butterflies taste with their feet. Wombat poop is cube-shaped to stop it from rolling away. Giraffes only need 30–50 minutes of sleep a day. A starfish does not have a brain. DURGA R. NAIR
BEYOND THE STARS Amazing facts about our universe ⭐ There are more stars in the universe than grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth. ⭐ A day on Venus is longer than its year. Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis, but only 225 Earth days to orbit the Sun. ⭐ Neutron stars are so dense that a teaspoon of neutron star material weighs about a billion tons. ⭐ Jupiter has 95+ moons, and new ones are still being discovered. ⭐ Space is completely silent because there is no air to carry sound. "The universe is not made of atoms, it's made of tiny stories." – We are one of them ❤️ AVANTHIKA S.S.
FIFA WORLD CUP 1. World Cup 2026: The Biggest One Yet 48 teams for the first time since the start of this tournament. Hosted across USA, Canada, and Mexico. From 32 to 48 nations – football's biggest party just got even bigger. 2. Round of 16 Thrillers There are recent shocks like: Morocco beating Netherlands on penalties. Paraguay knocking out Germany. Cabo Verde almost eliminating Argentina. Spain eliminating Portugal. 3. One Dream, 48 Flags: Stories from the Fan Zone How fans from different countries come together: Food Chants Jerseys 4. Road to the Jersey: A Player's Journey The sacrifice behind making the Football’s biggest stage- The World Cup journey is unbelievable, fighting injuries and other problems. NAMIT P. VARGHESE
Cabo Verde’s Amazing FIFA World Cup Story Cabo Verde did a fantastic job in the FIFA World Cup 2026. They made many football fans happy. This team from a country with just 500,000 people showed that if you work hard and work together you can do anything. They made it to the Round of 32, which was a big deal for such a small nation. They did this by being a team being brave and playing well together. Their goalkeeper cum captain, Vozinha was like a leader. He made a total of 15 saves and helped his team feel confident, when everyone thought this team is very small and cannot do anything on football’s biggest stage. Their historic debut, with the mighty Spain, with star Lamine Yamal, whom everyone thought would thrash Cabo Verde, ended in a clean sheet 0-0 draw marking a new chapter in Cabo Verdean football. Every player, on the team helped out. They worked together to defend and attack. They showed that they care about each other. Cabo Verde didn't have any superstar players. They succeeded because they worked well together and believed in each other, working together to draw their next two games against Uruguay and Saudi Arabia. They showed that if you are passionate and work hard you can do things. It doesn't matter if your country is small. Managing to almost eliminate the mighty Argentina, with Messi, Cabo Verde’s World Cup journey was amazing. They proved that small countries can do big things in football.. RISHIKESH G.
THREE LEGENDS, THREE LEGACIES: MESSI, RONALDO, and NEYMAR Football would not be the same today without the influence of three unique and sensational talents – Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, and Neymar Jr. The three have inspired millions with their skill, dedication, and success on the field, etching their names in the book of modern football’s gods. Lionel Messi is often compared to an artist on the pitch, with his signature dribbling and exceptional passing skills captivating audiences worldwide. His crowning glory arrived in the form of a 2022 World Cup victory for Argentina against France, cementing his legacy as arguably one of the greatest player in the history of the sport. Cristiano Ronaldo’s career is a testament to huge dedication, power, and ambition towards football. His pursuit of perfection has resulted in a huge number of individual and team awards, including a UEFA Euro 2016 title with Portugal, making him as a source of inspiration for future generations of footballers. Neymar Jr., with his flair and unorthodox style, represents the unpredictable side of football. His running, unpredictable tricks, and creativity have provided entertainment for football throughout his career, and he’s a big contributor to both club and international success, despite the occasional fitness setbacks. While comparisons and debates regarding their status as the greatest player will persist, perhaps the best approach is to simply cherish having witnessed the brilliance of all three. Messi’s ethereal grace, Ronaldo’s indomitable spirit, and Neymar’s unbridled creativity offer a trio of footballing magic unlike any other. ADON PETER
BALLON d’Or The Ballon d’Or is quite perhaps the highest award in the sport of football. This award is handed out every year to a footballer that had the best individual season for a particular club or nation. The award is an excellent mark of recognition that comes to an athlete that displays remarkable skill as well as consistency, dedication and sportsmanship. There has over the past decade been various players that won this prize, including world class footballers like Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi, and it’s quite fair to say these two dominated for a lengthy period, with both going head to head throughout their careers to pick this prize. The award however is not merely based on scoring goals and breaking records; it’s also based on one’s leadership, how they lead their teammates to victory and their general sportsmanship. It’s a huge achievement to even receive a nomination for the Ballon d’Or. Every year football fanatics look forward to see the result and the winner and their teams always cheer them up with their hard works. NAMIT P. VARGHESE
CHANEL Chanel: The Legacy of Coco Chanel 👩 Founder of Chanel Gabrielle founded Chanel in 1910 in Paris. Born on August 19, 1883, Coco Chanel transformed the fashion industry by introducing elegant, comfortable clothing for women. She believed fashion should combine beauty with practicality. Her iconic creations include the little black dress, tweed suits, quilted handbags, and the famous Chanel No. 5 perfume. Today, Chanel remains one of the world's leading luxury fashion houses, known for its timeless style and exceptional craftsmanship. 📍 Where Chanel Products Are Most Found Chanel products are available in many countries around the world, but they are mainly sold through official Chanel boutiques, luxury department stores, and authorized beauty retailers. The company carefully controls where its products are sold to maintain its reputation for quality and exclusivity. Major locations include: Paris London Dubai New York City Tokyo Hong Kong Singapore Chanel also has boutiques in many luxury shopping malls and major international airports around the world. 👗 Popular Chanel Products Chanel is renowned for creating some of the most iconic luxury products in the world. Each item is crafted with exceptional attention to detail,
premium materials, and timeless design. Some of Chanel's most celebrated products include: Classic Flap Bag – One of the world's most recognizable luxury handbags, admired for its quilted leather, chain strap, and elegant interlocking CC logo. 2.55 Handbag – Originally designed by Gabrielle in 1955, this handbag is considered a timeless fashion icon. Chanel No. 5 Perfume – Introduced in 1921, it is one of the best- selling and most famous perfumes in history, known for its distinctive floral fragrance. Coco Mademoiselle Perfume – A modern, elegant fragrance that has become one of Chanel's most popular perfumes worldwide. Tweed Jackets and Suits – Signature pieces that represent Chanel's classic style, combining elegance, comfort, and sophistication. Luxury Watches – Collections such as the J12 are celebrated for their innovative design, precision, and craftsmanship. Fine Jewelry – Featuring diamonds, pearls, and precious gemstones, Chanel's jewelry collections reflect the brand's timeless elegance. Makeup and Skincare – Chanel offers premium cosmetics and skincare products, including foundations, lipsticks, eyeshadows, and anti-aging skincare, trusted by beauty enthusiasts around the world. These products have become symbols of luxury, quality, and timeless fashion, making Chanel one of the most respected and recognizable brands in the global fashion and beauty industry. MANSI SYAM
CRICKET IN INDIA The love for cricket in India is just something else. It is deeply shown with the emotions of millions of Indians, worshipping it like a religion, creating a unique bond that connects them through wins and losses alike. As one of the strongest and most successful teams globally over time, Indian cricket produced some of history’s greatest legends like Sachin Tendulkar, Kapil Dev, MS Dhoni, Virat Kohli, Jasprit Bumrah, Rohit Sharma and many others, who have become symbols representing excellence within this beautiful game. With the success of Indian Cricket, the IPL (Indian Premier League) was also started, happening once every year during Indian summer. A total of 10 teams participating, it adds rivalry between cricket fans inside and outside India. The road to becoming champions was stopped with obstacles along the way but there are unforgettable moments where every ounce of victory shone bright. India's triumph in the 1983 Cricket World Cup under Kapil Dev marked another zenith while repeating it again in 2011 with MS Dhoni sealing the fate against Sri Lanka. Furthermore, besides being crowned kings of Test format regularly since long back - especially after their glorious success in 2007 ICC T20 World Cup - they bagged yet another gold medal recently too i.e., during recent held event of 2024 and 2026 ICC T20 World Cup. However, sometimes even our finest cricketers do suffer devastating defeats - Like what happened during last year’s ODI World Cup Final 2023 (despite having unbeaten streaks), Or heart breaking incidents during those past few decades such as 2003 ODI World Cup Final match etc. But instead of despairing away, we use all those negative events as fuel & keep pushing forward relentlessly striving hard day-by-day. The Indian Cricket Team today stands as a beacon of inspiration and excellence on the world stage with their fearless approach, exceptional talents among the youth, and fighting spirit.
Players such as Sai Sudharsan, Shubman Gill, Yashasvi Jaiswal, Vaibhav Sooryavansi etc., have emerged as icons representing the future stars of Indian Cricket. Through every triumph and negativity, our national team remains a symbol of pride and motivation for millions of fans who follow them closely. True champions are not just measured by the accolades they receive, but also by the audacity with which they bounce back from each challenge. ARJUN A.L.
ROYAL CHALLENGERS BENGALURU Cricket is more than just a sport in India; it is an emotion that brings people together. Among the many teams in the Indian Premier League (IPL), Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) holds a special place in the hearts of millions. Since it started in 2008, RCB has one of the most loyal fan bases in the world. Over the years, RCB has been home to some of cricket's greatest stars, including Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, and Chris Gayle. Their brilliant batting and memorable performances have given fans countless reasons to cheer. One of the team's greatest achievements came in 2016 when Virat Kohli scored a record 973 runs in a single IPL season, helping RCB reach the final. However, RCB's journey has also faced challenges. The team reached the IPL finals in 2009, 2011, and 2016 but finished as runners-up each time. They also had tough seasons when wins were hard to come by. These losses were disappointing, but the players kept working hard, and the fans continued to support their team with unwavering faith. Their famous slogan, "Ee Sala Cup Namde," became a symbol of hope and determination. After many years of waiting, RCB finally achieved its dream by winning its first IPL championship in 2025. Earlier, they won the WPL title, marking a new chapter for RCB. The victory was a historic and emotional moment for the players and their supporters. It showed that dedication, patience, and teamwork can overcome even the toughest obstacles. The story of Royal Challengers Bengaluru is not just about cricket. It is about believing in yourself, learning from failure, and never giving up. Each defeat made the team stronger, and every challenge prepared them for success. This inspiring journey teaches us that true champions are those who rise again after every setback. ROSHWIN R. LOBO
CHENNAI SUPER KINGS This popular and very successful team from Chennai has been part of the IPL from its very inception in 2008. Over the years, CSK has gained the reputation of consistency, superb team spirit and an excellent all-round performance. The franchise has maintained its status, the number of loyal supporters it has and its remarkable tenacity to win, it does not seem to know how to lose either. Many of the years it was a team for years lead by none other than the sensational MS Dhoni who brought stability and a great winning attitude. Other remarkable players that graced this yellow army – which has a fanbase that goes by the chant of 'Whistle Podu' – are Suresh Raina, Ravindra Jadeja, Ruturaj Gaikwad, Dwayne Bravo and Faf du Plessis, among many others. It's no surprise, then, that CSK has managed to win the IPL title five times (2010, 2011, 2018, 2021 and 2023). In addition, it has consistently reached playoff stages more often than not, proving its reliability and steady performance throughout its existence in the IPL, a clear indication that this Chennai side is built to last. G.M. MATHESH
A TRIP TO TAMIL NADU Last month, I went on a trip to Tamil Nadu with my family. It was a 3-day trip and I enjoyed it a lot. We first went to Madurai. The most famous place there is Meenakshi Temple. The temple is very big and colourful. I felt very peaceful inside. We also ate delicious dosa and idli there. We visited Marina Beach. The sand was soft and the waves were big. We ate ice cream. In the evening, we saw Kapaleeshwarar Temple. It was also very beautiful. On the last day, we went to Ooty. It is a hill station. The weather was cold and foggy. We saw green tea gardens everywhere. We went on a toy train ride. The view from the train was amazing. Tamil Nadu is a state full of beautiful temples, etc. The people are very kind. My favourite temple was Meenakshi Temple. ANGELA V.S.
FEMINISM Feminism is the belief that everyone deserves equal rights and opportunities, regardless of gender. It mainly focuses on achieving equality for women in education, work, politics, and society. Feminism does not mean that women are better than men. Instead, it promotes fairness, respect, and equal treatment for all. It encourages people to challenge discrimination and gender stereotypes. The feminist movement has helped women gain many important rights, such as the right to vote, receive education, and work in different professions. It has also raised awareness about issues like unequal pay, violence against women, and gender discrimination. Feminism supports equal opportunities for everyone to achieve their goals. It encourages both women and men to contribute equally to society. These efforts have made many countries more fair and inclusive. SIVAGANGA
RALPH LAUREN The Red, White, and Blue Empire: Inside the World of Ralph Lauren When you think of classic American style, a few specific images come to mind: crisp cotton polo shirts, leather loafers, tailored tweed blazers, and an undeniable aura of understated wealth. This specific aesthetic—often dubbed "Preppy" or "Old Money"—was practically invented by one man and his namesake brand: Ralph Lauren. The Founder: From the Bronx to the Billboard The story of Ralph Lauren is the ultimate realization of the "American Dream" he spent his life marketing. Born Ralph Lifshitz in the Bronx, New York, in 1939 to Jewish immigrant parents, he didn't grow up surrounded by wealth. At age 16, weary of schoolyard bullying, he and his brother legally changed their last name to Lauren. Geography: Where is Ralph Lauren Found Most? While Ralph Lauren is an American brand through and through, its reach is entirely global. The company distributes its products through a mix of digital e-commerce, wholesale department stores, and its own retail brick-and-mortar storefronts. 1. North America (The Largest Market) Unsurprisingly, the United States remains Ralph Lauren's biggest stronghold, accounting for roughly 45% of the company's total revenue.
The Product Universe: From Casual to Haute Couture Ralph Lauren doesn't just sell clothes; he sells an aspirational lifestyle. To capture everyone from casual shoppers to high-end elite buyers, the brand operates via distinct "tiers" of products: Ralph Lauren Collection – The highest tier of luxury womenswear. Features premium Italian fabrics, runway evening gowns, and elite tailoring. AVANTHIKA M.S
MATILDA Matilda is a story about a little girl who is extremely smart and loves reading. Her parents don't case about her and her headmistress. But Matilda never gives up. She loves books and her own courage to change her life. Her headmistress name is very strict and cruel name is Miss Trunchbull is very strict and cool. What I loved most about this book is the message "Books can be your best friends. Roald Dahl shows that even children can be powerful if they are smart and kind. Miss Honey, Matilda's teacher, is my favorite character because she believes in students. This book is funny, inspiring, and full of imagination. It teaches us that reading is magic and that being different is actually our strength. THARUN KUMAR A.S
BOOK REVIEW: The Silent Patient The Silent Patient by Alex Michaelides is an interesting psychological thriller. It tells the story of Alicia, a woman who stops speaking after a shocking incident. A therapist named Theo Faber tries to help her and find out the truth behind the incident. This story is full of mystery and suspense. The ending is unimaginable and keeps the readers thrilled. SIDHARTH S.
ECHOES OF WISDOM Poetry has the power to inspire, comfort, and connect us. Here are a few timeless quotes by celebrated poets that continue to touch hearts across generations. 1 “Hope is the thing with feathers…” - Emily Dickinson 2 “Still I rise.” - Maya Angelou 3 “I am the master of my fate…” - William Ernest Henly 4 “Let life be beautiful like summer flowers” - Rabindranath Tagore 5 “The wound is the place where the Light enters you.” - Rumi 6 “To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.” - Alfred Lord Tennyson 7 “We are such stuff as dreams are made on.” - William Shakespeare May these timeless words continue to inspire, guide, and remind us of the beauty of poetry. RWIJUTHA A.S
GALLANTARY AND CIVILIAN AWARDS India honours individuals who have shown exceptional courage, dedication, and service to the nation through its Gallantry and Civilian Awards. These awards recognize both military personnel and civilians for their outstanding contributions. The Param Vir Chakra is India's highest gallantry award, presented for extraordinary bravery in the face of the enemy. Other gallantry awards, such as the Maha Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra, recognize acts of courage in both war and peacetime. India's highest civilian honor is the Bharat Ratna, followed by the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri, which celebrate excellence in fields like art, science, literature, medicine, sports, and public service. These awards reflect the values of courage, selfless service, and excellence, inspiring every citizen to contribute to the nation's progress and uphold its ideals. AANI
VALENTINO The Red, White, and Red-Carpet Empire: Inside the World of Valentino When you think of peak Italian luxury, romance, and high-fashion drama, one name stands above the rest: Valentino. Famed for its breathtaking gowns and its signature, vibrant shade of "Valentino Red," this legendary fashion house has defined global glamour for over six decades, operating as a major titan in the luxury fashion market. The Founder: The Emperor of Roman Glamour The story of the brand begins with its visionary founder, Valentino Garavani (born 1932 in Lombardy, Italy). From a young age, Garavani was obsessed with fashion and moved to Paris to study haute couture. In 1960, he returned to Italy and opened his fashion house in Rome on the famed Via Condotti, backed by his longtime business and life partner, Giancarlo Giammetti. Geography: Where is Valentino Found Most? Valentino is an intensely European heritage brand, but its footprint spans across the globe's most exclusive luxury shopping districts, distributed through high-end boutiques, flagship stores, and premium department stores. 1. Europe (The Historic Heart) Europe remains Valentino's cultural and commercial anchor. The brand's global headquarters are located in Rome, inside a historic Palazzo on the Piazza Mignanelli. Key European fashion capitals—primarily Paris, Milan, and London—host its most important flagship stores and its highly anticipated Paris Fashion Week runway shows.
The Product Universe: From Haute Couture to Street Style Valentino operates at the highest echelon of fashion, offering products that cater to ultra-luxury buyers as well as contemporary accessory lovers through its distinct categories: Valentino Prêt-à-Porter (Ready-to-Wear): High-end luxury everyday clothing, tailoring, and evening wear for men and women available in retail boutiques. AVANTHIKA M.S
KOENIGSEGG Has it ever occurred to you how one could create some of the quickest machines in the world on such a small scale? The answer lies with Koenigsegg, a company manufacturing Swedish supercars. Back in 1994, an ambitious Christian von Koenigsegg decided to start a company and have a single goal in mind – to build the ultimate high-performance automobile. Koenigsegg has become a global name for crafting some of the most high-performance and beautiful hypercars ever to be made. From stunning, technologically advanced design to powerful engines to the latest materials such as lightweight carbon fiber bodies, the company's famous models like the Regera, Gemera, and Jesko are a dream for any automotive enthusiast. The company has been instrumental in innovating a number of automobile systems. Although Koenigsegg only manages to produce a limited amount of supercars each year, their influence and name reach all corners of the globe. Each Koenigsegg is handcrafted to meticulous precision and to no less than the absolute pinnacle of perfection. SREENAVEEN S.
The Ultimate Driving Machine: The Story of BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE BMW, which stands for Bayerische Motoren Werke or Bavarian Motor Works is a well- known German luxury car brand. BMW makes both sports and comfortable sedan cars, giving a pleasant mix to its collection. People love BMW for its designs powerful engines and its famous phrase "The Ultimate Driving Machine." BMW is all about mixing performance, new ideas and style. Interestingly, BMW did not start out making cars. The company was founded in Munich, Germany in 1916. It made airplane engines during World War I. After the war, BMW had to change its entire business idea because of rules against making airplanes in Germany. So BMW started making motorcycles in 1923 with the BMW R32. Then it made its first cars in 1928, 5 years later. A big deal happened in 1972 when BMW created the BMW M Division. This division made performance cars like the BMW M1 and the BMW M3. The M3 became one of the best racing cars and it brought racing tech to regular cars as well. BMW is also known for trying things. It owns huge car brands like MINI and Rolls-Royce. In 1972 BMW made its electric car, the BMW 1602e. Today BMW keeps making electric cars like the i4, i7 and iX. The company even turns cars into art with its famous BMW Art Cars. From making airplane engines to designing cool electric cars, BMWs story is pretty amazing. It's a story about being strong making machines and loving to create the best driving experience. BMW is, about "The Ultimate Driving Machine." ROHAN A.S.
हििंदी
मेरा विद्यालय मेरा विद्यालय मााँ सरस्िर्ी का आलय जिााँ से ममला मुझे ढेर सारा प् यार यिााँ पे िैं मेरे बिुर् सारे यार मिक्षा , सिंस् कार और दुलार ममली मुझे प् यारे अध्यापकों से िर बार क् या किूाँ इस विद्य ालय के बारे में जो बन गया िै मेरा पररिार सबसे अच्छे विद्यालय का एक िी उत्तर मेरा विद्यालय सबसे उत्कृष्ट पल्लिी प्र दीप
लक्षद्वीप से जुडी यादें... लक्षद्वीप भारर् का सबसे छोटा केंद्र िामसर् प्र देि , लेहकन अनुभिों में वबल्कुल भी छोटा निीिं। िमारी यात्र ा कोच्च् ि से अगत्त ी र् क की उड़ान से िुरू िुई । अगत्ती ििाई अड्डा लक्षद्वीप का एकमात्र ििाई अड्डा िै जिााँ रनिे के मलए पयातप्त जगि िै। अगत्त ी ििाई अड् डे से िम एक कार में बोट जेट् टी पिुिंिे और िेस् सल (बोट) के द्व ारा राजधानी द्व ीप किरत्त ी पिुिंिे । किरत्त ी में िमारी ठिरने की व् यिस् था एक सरकारी गेस्ट िा उस में की गई थी । ििााँ मुफ्र् िाई -फाई उपलब्ध थी । गेस्ट िाउस में िमारे भोजन के मलए भी व् यिस्था थी। दूसरे हदन िम एक स् कूबा डाइवििंग केंद्र पिुिंिे । समुद्र की गिराइयों में उर् रर्े िी िमें लगा हक िम एक नए सिंसार में पिुाँि गए िैं । ििााँ रिंग वबरिंगी मछमलयािं, सुिंदर प्र िल मभवत्तयााँ आहद िमें देनने को ममला। यि देनकर अच्छा लगा हक समुद्र ी जीिन को बिुर् अच् छी र् रि सिंरच्क्षर् हकया िै। डाइवििंग के बाद िम गेस्ट िाउस में नाश्र्ा करने गए । थोडी देर आराम करने के बाद भोजन करके िम बािर मनकले । भोजन के साथ र् ली िुई मछली भी थी। यिािं की अथतव्यिस्था मछली पकड़ने और पयतटन पर मनभतर िै। मछमलयों की अमधकर्ा के कारण यिािं यि बाकी जगिों की र्ु लने में सस्र्ी िै। इसके बाद िमने द्व ीप पर घूम -घूम कर देना हक यिािं जीिन कैसा िै। केिल 6 िगत हकलोमीटर क्षेत्र फल िोने के बािजूद भी यिािं सब कुछ िै - बाज़ार, मिंहदर, मच्स्जद , सरकारी सिंस्थान और यिािं र् क हक एक केंद्रीय विद्यालय भी िै। समुद्र
र्ट के पास एक सुिंदर पाकत में बैठकर िमने लिरों को मनिारर्े िुए कुछ समय वबर्ाया।र् ीसरे हदन समुद्र में घूमने के मलए ग् लास बॉटम बोट हकराए पर ली । ग् लास से समुद्री मछमलयों और कॉरल्स को देनने का अलग अनुभि था। िमने पानी के बीि में एक ऐसा भी जगि देना जो केिल ज् िार उर्रने पर हदनाई देर्ा िै और दोपिर र् क जल स्र् र बढर्े िी गायब िो जार्ा िै। ििााँ पर पूरा पत्थर िी पत्थर था जो बिुर् हफसलन िाला था। गेस् ट िाउस में लिंि के बाद िम जेट स् की स् थल पिुिंिे। पानी पर दौड़र्ी ये र्े ज़ रफ्र्ार िािन लगभग 80 हकलोमीटर प्र मर् घिंटे की गमर् पर िलर्ी िै। जेट स् की करर्े समय िमने अपने पास से विदेिी लोगों को भी जेट स् की करर्े िुए देना। हफर िम किरत्ती लाइटिाउस देनने गए। ऊपर से पूरा द्व ीप भरे -भरे पेड़ों से ढका िुआ हदना। सडकें भी बिुर् पर् ली िै जो एक द्व ीप के मलए अच्छा िै। सड़कों पर कुछ िी िािन िै और अमधकािंि स् थलों की र् रि यिािं ट्रै हफक जाम निीिं िोर्ा िै। अमधकािंि समय लोग पैदल या स् कूटर / बाइक से िी यात्रा करर्े िैं क् योंहक यिााँ िर जगि लगभग पैदल दूरी पर िै। िमने अपना हदन द्व ीप की दच्क्षणी छोर पर समाप्त हकया जिािं से िमने कुछ सुिंदर ििंन और पत् थर इकट् ठा हकया। उसके साथ िी िमने एक छोडा िुआ एक जिाज़ देना। अगले हदन िम जेट् टी पिुिंिे बोट द्व ारा अगत्त ी और हफर उड़ान से कोच्च् ि और ट्रे न द्व ारा मर्रु िनिंर् पुरम पिुिंिे लेहकन छोटे से स् िगत की मीठी यादें िमेिा िमारे हदल में रिेगी। रोषविन आर. लोबो
पुर्तगाली फुटबॉल पुर्तगाली फुटबॉल अपनी िानदार र् कनीक , जुनून और समृद्ध इमर् िास के कारण पूरी दुमनया में प्र मसद्ध िै। यद्यवप पुर्तगाल एक अपेक्षाकृर् छोटा देि िै , हफर भी उसने फुटबॉल इमर्िास के कुछ मिानर्म च् नलाहड़यों को जन्म हदया िै, च् जनमें हिच्स्टयानो रोनाल्डो , यूसेवबयो और लुइस हफगो प्र मुन िैं। फुटबॉल ििााँ का सबसे लोकवप्रय नेल िै , और बेनहफका, एफसी पोटो र् था स् पोहटिंग सीपी जैसे प्र मसद्ध क् लब विश्वस्र्रीय च् नलाहड़यों को र्ै यार करर्े िैं। पुर्तगाल की राष्ट्रीय फुटबॉल टीम ने िषों में अनेक उल्लेननीय सफलर्ाएाँ िामसल की िैं। टीम ने यूईएफए यूरो 2016 र् था यूईएफए नेििंस लीग 2019 और 2025 का च् नर्ाब जीर्कर स् ियिं को यूरोप की सबसे मजबूर् फुटबॉल टीमों में स् थावपर् हकया। 2026 फीफा विश्व कप में भी पुर्तगाल ने िोएमिया को 2–1 से िराकर राउिंड ऑफ 16 में जगि बनाई। िालािंहक, इसके बाद स् पेन के विरुद्ध 1–0 की करीबी िार के साथ उसका विश्व कप अमभयान समाप्त िो गया। पररणाम मनरािाजनक अिश्य था , लेहकन पूरे टूनातमेंट में टीम ने अद्भुर् सिंघषत, अनुिासन और टीम भािना का पररिय हदया। पुर्तगाल अपनी उत्कृष्ट युिा फुटबॉल अकादममयों के मलए भी प्र मसद्ध िै , जिााँ से मनकले कई च् नलाड़ी आज यूरोप के िीषत क् लबों का प्र मर्मनमधत्ि कर रिे िैं। पुर्तगाली फुटबॉल की पििान उसकी रिनात्मकर्ा , र् कनीकी दक्षर्ा और आिामक नेल िैली िै।
लानों प्र ििंसकों के मलए पुर्तगाली फुटबॉल केिल एक नेल निीिं , बच्ल्क गौरि, दृढ़ सिंकल्प और जुनून का प्रर् ीक िै। िार के बाद भी पुर्तगाल नई पीढ़ी के च् नलाहड़यों और प्र ििंसकों को प्रे ररर् करर्ा रिर्ा िै र् था विश्व की सबसे सम् मामनर् फुटबॉल िवियों में अपनी पििान बनाए िुए िै। अमनल राज बी.एम.
SCIENCE
HEART The heart is a muscular organ which is as big as our fist. The heart has different chambers to prevent the oxygen-rich blood from mixing with the blood containing carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide rich blood has to reach the lungs for purification (carbon dioxide to be removed) and the oxygenated blood from the lungs has to be brought back to the heart. This oxygen rich blood is then pumped to the rest of the body.
Heart is made up of specialized muscles called cardiac muscles which have the ability to contract and relax systematically throughout our life. Human heart is enclosed in a double walled membrane called pericardium. Pericardiums work is to protect the heart from mechanical shocks. There is a muscular separation within the heart and this muscular separation is called septum. It prevents the mixing of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood. In warm blooded animals mixing of both blood should not happen because if blood mixes, body temperature will not able to be maintained and all the life process will be worst like it. Reptiles and amphibians are cold blooded so, little bit of mixing will not affect their life. In both sides of hearts upper part is called Auricles/Atria and lower part is called ventricles. 3 flap valve between right atria and right ventricle is called tricuspid. 2 flap valve between left atria and left ventricle is called bicuspid. In lower ventricles both right and left ventricle have a valve called Seminular valve and it is a crescent shape valve of arteries. Step1 when heart relaxes the deoxygenated blood will come from superior and inferior Vena Cava and fills the right atria and contracts. While contracts 3 flap valve called tricuspid opens and at the same time right ventricle relax to welcome the blood. When ventricle fills with blood the tricuspid closes. The closure of cuspid is hearts first sound. Hearts first sound is 'lub'. Then right ventricle contracts, semilunar valve opens and impure blood goes through pulmonary artery with high pressure to lungs. The closure of Seminular valve is hearts second sound. Hearts second sound is 'Dup'. In lungs using
diffusion deoxygenated blood will become oxygenated. Oxygenated blood from lungs reach the left atria through pulmonary vein. Walls of the ventricles are thicker than atrial walls. This circulation is called pulmonary circulation. When atria relaxes oxygenated blood will fill and contracts then bicuspid opens and fills the left ventricles. Ventricles contracts and closes bicuspid. Then heart pump the blood with high pressure through aorta, artery, arterioles and passes through various body parts. In intercellular space blood is passing through capillaries. Blood is given in each and every cells. Cell take oxygenated blood and give back deoxygenated blood and this deoxygenated blood passed through capillaries and capillaries forms veins. Blood is passes through veins and reaches superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and this circulation is called systemic circulation. For completing 1 cycle blood has to flow twice. VISHNU DEV R.A. and RAIHAN S.
Breathing Mechanism in Humans ➤ Breathing Process When we breathe in, the air passes through the nasal cavity. From there, the fine hairs clear all the dust and fine particles present in the air. Then the air goes through the trachea and into the lungs. The passage divides into smaller tubes called bronchioles, and these terminate into balloon-like structures called alveoli. In the alveoli, a suitable surface is provided for the exchange of gases. The walls of the alveoli contain an extensive network of rich blood vessels. ➤ Oxygenated Blood Circulation Now, from the lungs, oxygenated blood goes to the heart through the pulmonary veins. From there, the blood enters the left atrium. It contracts and moves into the left ventricle. From there, it is pumped through the aorta. Oxygen is then transported to all parts of our body. ➤ Deoxygenated Blood Circulation Then, from all parts of our body, deoxygenated blood is collected through the vena cava. It is stored in the right atrium. The right atrium contracts and passes the blood into the right ventricle. From there, the blood is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery for oxygenation. Here is a flowchart, explaining the entire procedure:
Lungs ↓ (oxygenated blood through pulmonary veins) Heart ↓ Left Atrium ↓ Left Ventricle ↓ Aorta / Arteries ↓ All Parts of the Body ↓ (deoxygenated blood through veins) Right Atrium ↓ Right Ventricle ↓ (through pulmonary artery) Lungs AKSHAY R.V.
The FUNCTION OF LUNGS IN HUMAN BEINGS The main function of the human lung is the exchange of gases which we normally call breathing. To optimize the exchange of gases, the lungs feature a vast network of millions of microscopic sir sacs called alveoli, which are surrounded by a dense web of tiny capillaries where oxygen seamlessly diffuses through incredibly thin cell walls into red blood cells while carbon dioxide simultaneously crosses back into the lungs to be cleared from the body with every breath. Here are some important points based on this topic: 1) Diffusion driven: gases move naturally from high to low concentration. 2) Alveoli network: millions of alveoli air sacs maximise the contact area. 3) pH regulation: exhaling carbon dioxide controls blood acidity levels. Sreehari A.S.
CONCAVE AND CONVEX MIRRORS Mirrors aren't simply objects that reflect our faces. There are specific types of curved mirrors such as concave and convex mirrors that are extremely useful for our daily lives. A concave mirror is a mirror which curves inwards, and can magnify the image formed if an object is held near to it. They are frequently used as shaving mirrors, dressing mirrors and dentists use them to give a closer and magnified look at teeth. They are also used in torches and car headlights to converge the beam of light to be more concentrated. A convex mirror curves outwards. It is able to produce an erect and a smaller image; and hence, it gives us a greater field of view, therefore it can be easily utilized for the rear view of automobiles. They are also placed at shop corners and the intersections of two roads for security. Concave and convex mirrors are also crucial tools in science and it comes as a surprise what good they could possibly bring about. BHARATH U.B.
POEMS
Words Left Behind Someone asked of a purpose, I answered of dream. The dream showed me hope, So I showed will. The path chosen, Was seldom spoken. And the road taken, Was really shaken. But my will was strong, Though it was wrong, In the eyes of the throng. The journey went on, Like an endless marathon. Overwhelmed with thoughts,
I explored the worlds. My dream kept its distance From me, Till the end it escaped me. But I leave this world without regrets, As the world showed me Its silhouettes. Someone said so, When he left us... DEVANAND A.R.
Echoes of the End The days that passed, Made those moments last; It seemed forever, But now it isn't; As the leaves fell apart, From the plant it held; The sorrow felt hard, But the morals were taught; And though they depart, Their bond isn't apart; DEVANAND A.R.
FRIENDSHIP I believe that the flower that falls from me is not mine, I has lost you once and for all, I have it, only your broken picture, The picture which I long on my hearts wall I considered you as a flower, which grew slowly inside my heart now, Day by day you had gone far and far away from me Once there was only a little space between us And now it has become wider and wider And you along with my dreams and memories, About you and, you took my heart away from me. I had lost you, my flower, I am alone, sailing across the dead dreams of mine, Without you…
V. DHARUN VASAN DREAM BIG Dream with courage, shine so bright, Turn your darkness into light Step by step, don’t fear the climb, Greatness grows with patient time. Kindness blooms in all we do, Hope begins with me and you. Every sunrise brings a chance, To learn, to grow, to dream, to dance. ANAY A.S.
MY CLASS IS MAGIC My class is magic, can’t you see? 30 different minds, all wild and free, Someone’s drawing, someone’s reading, Someone’s planning, someone’s leading. We laugh, we fight, we learn, we grow, From backbench jokes to frontbench pro, With books and dreams and friends so near, Every day brings something new here. This is not just a room with chairs, It’s where we build our hopes and prayers. THARUN KUMAR A.S.
KEEP GOING When the road feels long and the nights feel cold, remember why you started, and the dreams you hold. Every step you take today, is building your tomorrow. Don't give up in the struggle, for joy follows sorrow. Believe in your strength when your heart feels weak, For in every challenge, is a chance to seek. So keep going, little stronger, even when it's hard to see, the light that's waiting for you will set your spirit free. KAIN K. KAPIL
ART
PALLAVI PRADEEP ARYASREE V. M.
PALLAVI PRADEEP
SREENAVEEN S. SREENAVEEN S.
SREENAVEEN S. SREENAVEEN S.
ALAN A. L.
J.S. JENIBA JOSE
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