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English Reviewer 5 First Term Examination
Reviewer English 5 Topic 1: Comprehend literary texts: Noting important elements (story grammar). Elements of Story Grammar: a) Characters: the individuals, animals, or entities who take part in the story. They are the main actors in a story. b) Setting: the time and place where the story happened. It answers the question when and where. c) Plot: The sequence of events in the story. It usually includes the beginning, middle, and end. d) Conflict- the problem or challenge faced by the characters. e) Resolution- how the problem is solved or how the story ends. f) Theme- the central idea or lesson of the story. Example: The Ant and the Grasshopper: A Different Winter All summer long; the meadow hummed with life. The grasshopper leapt from blade to blade, playing his fiddle and singing under the warm sun. He saw the ant trudging past, carrying seeds twice his size, and laughed. “Why work so hard, friend?” the grasshopper called. “The days are long, the air is sweet—come sing with me!” The ant paused, wiping sweat from his brow. “I’m storing food for the winter. You should do the same.” But the grasshopper only grinned. “Winter is far away. I’ll think about it later.” When the first frost came, the meadow turned silent. The grasshopper’s fiddle lay still in the snow, and his belly ached with hunger. He wandered to the ant’s sturdy home, where warm light spilled from the doorway. The ant opened the door, surprised to see his old summer companion shivering. For a moment, he thought of the grasshopper’s laughter, the music that had made the long days brighter. Without a word, the ant stepped aside and let him in. The grasshopper sat by the fire, humbled, as the ant shared bread and seeds. That winter, the grasshopper learned that joy and work could live side by side—and when spring returned, he played his fiddle while helping the ant gather food, each note a promise that he would never waste another summer. Characters The Ant: hardworking, responsible, and kind. The Grasshopper: carefree, playful, but later humbled. Setting The meadow during summer and winter. The ant’s sturdy home with warmth and food. Plot Beginning: The grasshopper spends summer singing and playing, while the ant works hard storing food. Middle: Winter arrives, and the grasshopper is hungry and cold. Problem: The grasshopper has no food or shelter. Ending: The ant shares food and shelter, and the grasshopper learns to balance joy with responsibility. Conflict The grasshopper’s lack of preparation for winter leaves him starving and freezing. Topic 2: Analyzing sound devices: ■ Onomatopoeia ■ Alliteration ■ Assonance ■Consonance Sound Devices- literary techniques that writers use to exploit the sounds of words for artistic effect.
1. Onomatopoeia- words that imitate the sounds they describe. Example: The bees buzzed angrily around the hive. The vase fell off the shelf and crashed onto the floor. 2. Alliteration- the repetition of initial consonant sounds. Example: During the dark days, despair drifted deep. Lazy lions lounged in the long grass. 3. Assonance- the repetition of vowel sounds within words. Example: The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain. Go slow over the road. 4. Consonance- the repetition of consonant sounds within words, not necessarily at the beginning. Example: Mike likes his new bike. She tied the parcel with a strong string. Topic 3: Comprehend informational texts: Identifying topic, main idea and the supporting details in an informational text. Informational text- non-fiction writings that provide factual information about the real world. These texts are written to inform, explain, describe, or persuade. a) Topic: The general subject of the text; what the text is about. b) Main idea: The central point or message the author wants to convey. It summarizes the key information in one sentence. c) Supporting Idea: Facts, examples, or explanations that elaborate on the main idea. These details provide evidence and context. Examples 1: Sea turtles spend most of their lives in warm ocean waters, traveling thousands of kilometers between feeding grounds and nesting beaches. Coral reefs, seagrass beds, and open seas provide them with food like jellyfish, algae, and crustaceans. Sandy beaches are essential for nesting, as females return to lay eggs in the same area where they were born. Topic: Sea Turtles Main Idea: Sea turtles' habitat and food sources. Supporting Details: a. Sea turtles live mostly on warm ocean. b. They lay eggs in the sandy beaches. c. They find food in the coral reefs, seagrass beds, and open seas. Example 2: Bullying can have far-reaching effects on a person’s emotional, academic, and social well-being. It often leaves victims feeling anxious, lonely, or insecure, which can weaken their confidence and sense of safety. In school settings, the stress caused by bullying can make it difficult to focus, leading to missed classes, lower grades, and a loss of motivation. Socially, those who experience bullying may withdraw from others or develop defensive behaviors, making it harder to form healthy relationships. Over time, these combined effects can shape a person’s self-image and limit their opportunities for personal growth. Topic: Bullying Main Idea: Effects of Bullying Supporting Details: a. Bullying cause anxiety. b. Bullying cause lack of confidence.
c. Bullying can make it difficult to focus. d. Bullying makes it harder to form healthy relationships. Topic 4: Analyzing figures of speech to get and clarify meaning: ■ Simile ■ Metaphor ■ Personification Figures of speech- is a special way of using words to express ideas in a more colorful and imaginative way. a) Simile: A simile compares two different things using the words "like" or "as." Example: a) He runs like the wind." This helps us imagine how fast he is! b) The firefighter was as brave as a lion when he rushed into the burning building. Meaning: His courage is compared to the fearlessness of a lion. c) His hands were cold as ice after walking in the snow. Meaning: His hands felt extremely cold, like frozen ice. d) The runner dashed across the finish line, fast as lightning. Meaning: His speed was compared to the sudden flash of lightning. b) Metaphor: A metaphor also compares two things, but it says one thing is another, without using "like" or "as." Example: a) Time is a thief." This means time can take away moments from us, just like a thief takes things away. b) The classroom was a zoo with children shouting and running everywhere. Meaning: The noisy, chaotic classroom is directly compared to a zoo. c) His words were daggers that pierced her heart with pain. Meaning: His harsh words are compared to sharp daggers that cause emotional hurt. c) Personification: This gives human qualities to non-human things. Example: a) The wind whispered through the trees." This makes it sound like the wind can talk! b) The thunder grumbled angrily across the dark sky. Meaning: Thunder is given the human trait of grumbling, making it sound moody and alive. Topic 5: Inferring: Character’s feeling and traits Inferring- using clues from the text + your own knowledge to figure out something the author doesn’t say directly. Readers look at actions, words, and situations to guess how a character feels and what traits they show. Feelings: Temporary emotions (happy, sad, nervous, excited). Traits: Long-lasting qualities (kind, brave, honest, selfish). 1. Liam helps his neighbor carry heavy bags of groceries. Feeling: Kind, helpful; Trait: Kindness 2. Maya keeps practicing her dance routine even after making mistakes. Feeling: Determined, hopeful; Trait: Perseverance 3. Ethan admits he accidentally broke his friend’s pencil. Feeling: Nervous, honest; Trait: Honesty 4. Sofia forgives her classmate who forgot to invite her to the party. Feeling: Calm, understanding; Trait: Forgiveness 5. Daniel stands up to defend his younger brother from bullies. Feeling: Brave, protective; Trait: Bravery Topic 6: Making predictions: Character’s possible decision/action
Predictions are educated guesses about what will happen next in a story or text. Examples: a) Anna sees her friend crying after losing a game. Prediction: Because Anna is caring, she will comfort her friend and encourage them. b) Tom is brave and faces a dark cave where treasure is hidden. Prediction: Tom will likely enter the cave instead of running away. c) Lucy has lied before to avoid trouble. She breaks a vase while playing. Prediction: Lucy might blame someone else instead of telling the truth. d) David always studies hard and has a big test tomorrow. Prediction: He will probably review his notes late into the night. e) Ella is generous and sees a hungry puppy outside. Prediction: She will share her food or try to help the puppy. Topic 7: Text types Text refers to any written, printed, or digital body of words. 1. News Report- a type of informative text that presents factual information about recent events. Its main purpose is to answer the 5Ws and 1H — Who, What, When, Where, why, and how. Example: Fire Hits Local Market A fire broke out at the La Trinidad Public Market on Friday evening, damaging several stalls and affecting dozens of vendors. According to the Bureau of Fire Protection, the blaze started around 7:30 PM due to faulty electrical wiring. Firefighters contained the fire after an hour, preventing it from spreading to nearby buildings. No injuries were reported, but authorities are investigating the incident. Local officials assured vendors that assistance will be provided to help them recover. 2. Explanation text- type of writing that explains how or why something happens. Its main purpose is to help readers understand a process, a phenomenon, or the reasons behind an event. Example: How Rain Forms Rain happens because of the water cycle. First, heat from the Sun causes water in rivers, lakes, and oceans to evaporate, turning into water vapor. This vapor rises into the sky and cools down, forming clouds. When the clouds become heavy with too much water, the droplets join together and fall back to the ground as rain. This process repeats again and again, keeping Earth’s water moving in a cycle. Topic 8: Identifying Author’s Purpose on a Text 1. Entertain: The author writes to amuse, engage, or evoke emotions in the reader. These include: fiction, poetry, humorous stories, or adventure tales Example: On a windy afternoon, a boy flew his kite high above the fields. Suddenly, the kite swooped down and tangled itself in a cow’s horns. The cow, startled, ran across the meadow with the kite flapping behind it like a colorful cape. The boy chased after, laughing, while the villagers gathered to watch the hilarious scene unfold. 2. Inform: The author provides factual information or knowledge about a topic. These include: textbooks, news articles, or research papers Example: The Philippines is an archipelago made up of more than 7,600 islands. It is located in Southeast Asia and is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean. The country is known for its rich
biodiversity, with tropical forests, coral reefs, and diverse wildlife. It also has a vibrant culture influenced by Malay, Spanish, American, and Chinese traditions. 3. Explain: The author aims to show how something works or how to do something, often using step-by-step instructions. These include: manuals, recipes, or how-to guides. Example: Why We Have Day and Night The Earth experiences day and night because it rotates on its axis. An axis is an imaginary line that runs through the center of the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. As the Earth spins, different parts of the planet face the Sun. The side that faces the Sun receives light, so it is daytime there. Meanwhile, the side that is turned away from the Sun is in darkness, which makes it nighttime. This rotation takes about 24 hours to complete, which is why we have one day and one night in a full cycle. Without the Earth’s rotation, we would not experience the regular change between day and night. 4. Describe: The author uses vivid language to create a mental image for the reader. These includes: travel writing, descriptive essays, or literary passages Example: A Rose Flower The rose is a beautiful flower with soft, velvety petals. Its color can range from deep red to bright pink, pure white, or sunny yellow. The petals form layers that curl gently outward, giving the flower a delicate and elegant shape. At the center, the rose holds a cluster of tiny filaments that add detail to its appearance. Its stem is green and sturdy, covered with small, sharp thorns. The leaves are dark green, oval-shaped, and have a slightly jagged edge. When in full bloom, the rose gives off a sweet fragrance that fills the air. *The bold words are adjectives/words that were use to describe a rose flower.