WVE IPF

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WORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

Eswatini continues to face a complex development landscape characterized by poverty, food insecurity, unemployment, climate variability, public health challenges, and violence against children. These challenges disproportionately affect children and undermine progress toward achieving sustainable and equitable development outcomes. While hunger and malnutrition threaten children's physical growth, cognitive development, and long-term productivity, violence against children affects their safety, mental health, educational attainment, and social well-being. Both issues are closely interconnected. Households experiencing economic hardship are often more vulnerable to food insecurity and child protection risks, while violence can further reduce children's access to education, health services, and opportunities for healthy development. Recognizing these interconnections, World Vision Eswatini has adopted two mutually reinforcing Integrated Programme Frameworks (IPFs) for 2026-2030: i.Strengthening Food Security and Nutrition (Hunger and Malnutrition IPF) ii. Ending Violence Against Children (VAC IPF) Together, these frameworks seek to improve child well-being through integrated interventions that strengthen household resilience, improve access to essential services, promote positive social norms, and enhance systems for child protection and nutrition.BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN2 1. INTRODUCTIONWORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF) 2. KEY FOCUS AREAS OF THE INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPFS) Child hunger and malnutrition remain pressing issues in Eswatini and is driven by poverty, economic instability, HIV/AIDS prevalence, and recurrent droughts. These factors contribute to food insecurity and poor nutrition, manifesting as stunting (29% of children under five), wasting (2.5%), and underweight (5%). Regional disparities are severe, with Manzini and Lubombo showing higher rates. Approximately 29% of the population faces severe food insecurity, worsened by climate change and erratic rainfall. Households often rely on nutrient poor diets due to limited financial resources, with 30% resorting to extreme coping strategies such as skipping meals. Poor nutrition practices, inadequate maternal care, limited healthcare, and unsafe sanitation further exacerbate malnutrition. Vulnerable groups include children living with HIV/AIDS, peri-urban households lacking farming land, and rural families affected by drought.2.1 Hunger and Malnutrition

Issue Solution / Intervention Responsible Sector Area of implementation Unsafe water, poor sanitation, and hygiene leading to diarrheal diseases and malnutrition Piped water systems, boreholes, WASH clubs, hygiene education, solar-powered pumps WASH 9/9 ADPs and Grants areas (Universal Water Service Coverage Project – 9 areas outside ADP’s) Household food insecurity due to poverty and climate shocks Savings Groups, Empowered Worldview, climate-smart agriculture, market systems development. Livelihoods 11/11 ADPs and (UNDP & Mbuluzi Project) Grants areas Poor maternal and child feeding practices, limited health services Nutrition Care Groups, growth monitoring, breastfeeding promotion, micronutrient supplementation, and frontline health worker capacitation. Health, Nutrition & HIV 9/9 ADPs and Halting Grant Vulnerability of children and mothers living with HIV/AIDS Nutrition support packages, integration of HIV and nutrition services, policy harmonization Health, Nutrition & HIV 9/9 ADPs and Halting Grant Refugee households lacking access to livelihoods and nutrition Livelihood support, integration into WASH and health services, child protection measures Refugees Projects Refugee settlements (2), host communities Emergencies (droughts, floods, epidemics) disrupt food security and child nutrition Early warning systems, rapid food/WASH/health response, recovery support, anticipatory action Humanitarian & Emergency Affairs (HEA) 9/9 ADPs, Disaster-affected regions, 2 HEA Grants (national coordination platforms)BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDRENPriority Interventions BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN3WORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

Issue Solution / Intervention Responsible Sector Area of implementation Weak policy implementation and accountability Citizens Voice & Action (CVA) to strengthen community advocacy and policy alignment Cross-sectoral (Health, Livelihoods, WASH) 9/9 ADPs, National and local government structures Harmful cultural norms affecting childcare and nutrition Channels of Hope (CoH), Celebrating Families to promote gender equity and positive parenting Faith & Community Engagement (cross-sectoral) 4 ADPs Limited child participation in nutrition and resilience programming Youth clubs, WASH clubs, ENOUGH campaign, safe spaces for children Cross-sectoral (Health, WASH, Livelihoods) 9/9 ADPs, Schools, community cantersBOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN4 The Eswatini Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) shows that violence remains a significant concern among young people, with 25.5% of females and 31.7% of males aged 13 to 24 years experiencing at least one form of violence in their lifetime. Sexual violence is more prevalent among females (8.1%) than males (3.3%), while physical violence is more common among males (23.2%) than females (10.5%). Emotional violence affects both girls and boys at similar levels. These findings highlight the continued need for strengthened child protection and violence prevention efforts in Eswatini Violence against children in Eswatini is driven by systemic, economic, and socio-cultural factors that increase children's vulnerability and limit access to protection and support. The Violence Against Children (VAC) Integrated Programme Framework (IPF) addresses these underlying drivers through a coordinated, multi-sectoral approach focused on strengthening protection systems, building household resilience, promoting positive behaviours, enhancing knowledge and skills, improving coordination, and transforming harmful social norms.2.2 Violence Against Children (VAC)WORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN5BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN Issue Intervention Responsible Sector Area of Implementation (Improved Child Protection and Health Services) Limited awareness and skills related to child protection, digital safety, and resilience Strengthen comprehensive child protection services; Promote access to child-friendly protection and forensic services; Improve WASH services and disaster preparedness to ensure continuity of essential services. Child Protection, WASH 9/9 ADPs and Halting Grant (Communities, schools, health facilities, child protection service points) (Positive Behaviours and Practices to Reduce Violence Against Children) High prevalence of violence against children, including GBV, bullying, substance abuse, and risky behaviours Promote positive parenting and discipline practices; Implement violence prevention and behaviour change programmes; Encourage reporting of violence against children. Child Protection, F&D, GBV 9/9 ADPs and Halting Grant (Households, schools, communities, youth clubs) (Economic Empowerment and Household Resilience) Household poverty and economic vulnerability affecting child well-being Strengthen household economic capacity; Improve financial inclusion and access to financial resources; Enhance access to start-up capital and livelihood opportunities. Livelihoods 9/9 ADPs (Households, communities, livelihood groups)Priority InterventionsWORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN6BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN Issue Intervention Responsible Sector Area of Implementation (Strengthened Systems and Policy Environment) Weak coordination, policy implementation, and child protection systems Support policy implementation and legislative harmonization; Strengthen referral pathways, case management, and coordination mechanisms; Improve VAC data management systems and budget allocation; Promote technology- enabled reporting systems and cyber safety legislation. Advocacy, Child Protection 9/9 ADPs (National, regional, and community levels) (Improved Knowledge and Skills) Limited awareness and skills related to child protection, digital safety, and resilience Increase awareness of child protection systems and reporting mechanisms; Enhance digital safety, life skills, psychosocial resilience, and child empowerment; Promote community awareness of child rights, climate resilience, and vulnerabilities affecting boys. Child Protection, Climate Change 9/9 (Schools, communities, youth platforms) (Socio-Cultural Norms Transformation) Harmful socio- cultural norms that perpetuate violence against children Address harmful social and gender norms; Reduce family secrecy surrounding violence; Promote positive masculinity; Challenge harmful traditional, cultural, and religious practices that perpetuate violence against children. Faith & Development, GEDSI 4/4 ADPs (Families, communities, cultural and religious institutions)WORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN7BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN Stakeholder Key Commitments Children and Communities Strengthened child protection services, increased awareness of child rights, improved reporting mechanisms, enhanced psychosocial support, and increased household resilience. Government and Service Providers Strengthening policy implementation, referral systems, coordination mechanisms, VAC data systems, and child protection legislation. Development Partners and Donors Delivering evidence-based interventions, demonstrating measurable child well-being outcomes, promoting sustainable systems strengthening, and generating quality programme data. Community Structures and Faith Leaders Supporting behaviour change, positive parenting, positive masculinity, child protection advocacy, and transformation of harmful social norms. Schools and Educational Institutions Providing platforms for awareness creation, life skills development, child participation, and violence prevention. 3. KEY PROGRAMME COMMITMENTS TO COMMUNITIES, PARTNERS, GRANT DONORS, AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS The IPFs demonstrate a commitment to improving child well-being through a comprehensive and collaborative approach involving communities, government institutions, donors, and development partners. 4. MAPPING OF CHILDREN’S CLUBS AND CHILD-FOCUSED GROUP INTERVENTIONS Existing child participation structures and community groups provide established platforms for delivering VAC and H&M interventions, promoting child participation, awareness, life skills, psychosocial support, and reporting mechanisms among others. Leveraging these platforms can enhance the reach, effectiveness, and sustainability.WORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN8 VAC and H&M IPF Focus Area Existing Clubs/Child- Focused Groups Potential Contribution to WV Outcomes Improved Child Protection and Health Services Children's Clubs, Child Protection Committees, School Health Clubs, Teen Clubs Promote access to child protection services, referral pathways, health information, psychosocial support, and reporting mechanisms. Positive Behaviours and Practices to Reduce Violence Against Children Parenting Groups, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, Peer Educator Groups, Teen Clubs Promote positive parenting, healthy relationships, prevention of GBV, substance abuse prevention, and behaviour change. Economic Empowerment and Household Resilience Savings Groups, Producer groups, Skills Development Clubs, Entrepreneurship Clubs, Vocational Training Groups Build financial literacy, improved household livelihood, entrepreneurship, and economic resilience among households and adolescents. Strengthened Systems and Policy Environment Child Parliament, Children's Forums, School Councils, Youth Advocacy Groups Amplify children's voices in decision-making processes, policy advocacy, accountability, and community engagement. Improved Knowledge and Skills Life Skills Clubs, Health Clubs, Digital Literacy Clubs, Peer Support Groups Increase awareness of child rights, digital safety, psychosocial resilience, leadership, and life skills. Socio-Cultural Norms Transformation Community Dialogue Groups, Faith-Based Youth Groups, Boys' Clubs, Gender Equality Clubs Address harmful gender and social norms, promote positive masculinity, challenge harmful practices, and strengthen community accountability for child protection. Disaster Risk Reduction and Response DRR clubs Natural Resource Management Committees Anticipation and preparedness for disaster risks. Water and sanitation WASH Clubs Access to potable water and dignified sanitation and hygiene services Health and Nutrition HIV prevention groups Social behaviour changes for HIV risk reduction.BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDRENWORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN9BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN Category Indicator Count Specific Indicators Both H&M & VAC 8 OIOS 63, OIOS 72, OIOS 74, OIOS 75, OIOS 80, OIOS 96, OIOS 97, OIOS 132 Hunger & Malnutrition Only 7 OIOS 37, OIOS 68, OIOS 81, OIOS 99, OIOS 133, OIOS 160, OIOS CA1.0059 Violence Against Children Only 4 OIOS 10, OIOS 19, OIOS 60, OIOS 84 There are 19 Future Ready Sponsorship (FRS) indicators across the Hunger & Malnutrition (H&M) and Violence Against Children (VAC) integrated programme frameworks. Of these, 15 indicators are aligned to the H&M IPF, while 12 indicators are aligned to the VAC IPF. 8 of the indicators are common to both IPFs, indicating a strong level of integration and shared programming priorities across the two sectors. In addition, 7 indicators are exclusive to the H&M IPF and 4 indicators are exclusive to the VAC IPF, reflecting programme-specific outcomes and strategic focus areas. There is substantial alignment between the H&M and VAC frameworks, while preserving distinct indicators that address the unique objectives of each programme. 5.1 Breakdown by Tier 5. TOTAL INDICATORS AND ALIGNMENT TO TIER 1 AND 2 The Ending Hunger and Malnutrition (H&M) and Violence Against Children (VAC) Impact Pathfinder Frameworks provide a balanced approach to measuring both core and deeper child well-being outcomes. The H&M IPF includes 15 indicators, comprising 9 Tier 1 indicators (4 H&M-specific and 5 cross- cutting) and 6 Tier 2 indicators (3 H&M-specific and 3 cross-cutting), enabling the measurement of both minimum requirements and deeper nutrition outcomes. The VAC IPF includes 12 indicators, with 9 Tier 1 indicators (4 VAC-specific and 5 cross-cutting) and 3 Tier 2 indicators (all cross-cutting), supporting the measurement of core child protection outcomes and broader well-being results. Together, the two frameworks promote a holistic approach to child impact measurement by combining sector-specific and cross-cutting indicators across the child journey. The below two indicators highlighted fall outside Tier 1 and Tier 2 in each of the IPF’s which we will need to deprioritise as an office: OIOS 68: Proportion of households with sustained or increased agricultural production due to climate-resilient practices OIOS 133: Proportion of education facilities with basic hand-washing servicesWORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN10 8 Tier 1 (Minimum Requirements) AIM+ Tier 2 (Deeper Impact) AIM+ OIOS 37: Coverage of essential vaccines among children 12–59 months 85.30% OIOS 81: Proportion of households facing moderate or severe food insecurity (FIES- GSS) 73.33% OIOS 160: Prevalence of underweight in children under five years of age 5.26% OIOS 68: Proportion of households with sustained or increased agricultural production due to climate- resilient practices 1.75% OIOS CA1.0059: Percent of children (0–59 months) in program area receiving Growth Monitoring and Promotion (GMP) 40.85% OIOS 133: Proportion of education facilities with basic hand-washing services N/A OIOS 99: Proportion of households that contribute resources for maintenance of the water system (Sustainability) 30.28% OIOS 75: Proportion of households who faced a disaster but were able to recover and now live at the level they did before 58.43% OIOS 74: Proportion of households that increased their income as a result of participation in World Vision-facilitated economic development programs 18.67% OIOS 72: Proportion of households reporting to have access to sufficient sources of credit providers 1.69% OIOS 63: Proportion of households with alternative and risk-diversified sources of income 21.83% OIOS 132: Proportion of education facilities with basic sanitation services and appropriate student to latrine ratio WASH in Schools OIOS 80: Proportion of households that provide well for their children 24.74% OIOS 96: Proportion of households using basic drinking water services 66.81% OIOS 97: Proportion of households using basic sanitation services 62.18%BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN 5.2 Reducing Hunger & Malnutrition: AIM+ ResultsWORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN11 Tier 1 (Minimum Requirements) AIM+ Tier 2 (Deeper Impact) AIM+ OIOS 19: Proportion of children aged 0–59 months whose births were registered 94.57% · OIOS 75: Proportion of households who faced a disaster but were able to recover and now live at the level they did before 58.43% OIOS 10: Proportion of female and male adolescents that report high self-efficacy 36.23% · OIOS 72: Proportion of households reporting to have access to sufficient sources of credit providers 1.69% OIOS 60: Proportion of community members (adolescents and adults) who support gender equitable attitudes 56.88% (Caregivers) · OIOS 132: Proportion of education facilities with basic sanitation services and appropriate student to latrine ratio N/A OIOS 84: Proportion of parents or caregivers of children (0–6 and 7–18 years) who used physical punishment and/or psychological aggression in the past 12 months 59.28% OIOS 74: Proportion of households that increased their income as a result of participation in World Vision-facilitated economic development programs 18.67% OIOS 63: Proportion of households with alternative and risk-diversified sources of income 59.28% OIOS 80: Proportion of households that provide well for their children 24.74% OIOS 96: Proportion of households using basic drinking water services 66.81% OIOS 97: Proportion of households using basic sanitation services 62.18%BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN 5.3 Reducing Violence Against Children – AIM+ ResultsWORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN12BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN 6. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR DEMONSTRATING CHILD IMPACT AND ACHIEVING SCALE THROUGH THE FRS CHILD JOURNEY The FRS Child Journey (Survive, Equip, and Rise) provides a comprehensive framework for supporting children from early childhood through adolescence. Through its alignment with the Ending Hunger and Violence Against Children (VAC) Impact Pathfinder Frameworks (IPFs), the model seeks to contribute to improved child well-being through age-appropriate interventions delivered across different stages of development. The child journey provides a structured pathway for measuring outcomes across childhood and adolescence, creating an opportunity to assess changes in children's well-being over time. It is designed to support children through critical developmental transitions while strengthening the role of families and communities in achieving positive outcomes. From a child impact perspective, this analysis explores whether the FRS Child Journey enables the two IPFs to demonstrate meaningful impact on children, achieve sufficient reach to influence outcomes at scale, and engage those who have the greatest influence on children's well-being. The opportunities and challenges presented in the sections below examine the strengths of the model, as well as the factors that may affect its ability to achieve sustainable and population-level impact. Overall Opportunities Strong alignment between the child journey and both IPFs Survive contributes significantly to Ending Hunger outcomes. Equip and Rise contribute strongly to VAC outcomes. Protection, participation, and positive relationships are reinforced across all stages. Holistic child development approach Addresses children's physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Creates a compelling impact narrative from birth through adolescence. Caregiver engagement Supports sustainable behaviour change. Extends benefits beyond individual children. Potential for community-level impact Care Groups and CIS platforms provide mechanisms for broad outreach if implemented inclusively.WORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN13BOLD HOPEFOR CHILDREN Overall Challenges Risk of insufficient scale Focusing predominantly on Registered Children may limit critical mass needed to shift VAC and hunger indicators at population level. Uneven contribution to the two IPFs Ending Hunger outcomes are strongest in Survive but less visible in Equip and Rise. VAC outcomes are stronger in Equip and Rise than in Survive. Limited evidence of cumulative impact Current design shows outcomes within age bands but may struggle to prove how children progress successfully from Survive to Equip to Rise. Influencers beyond caregivers may be under-targeted Teachers, fathers, faith leaders, health workers, community leaders, and local protection structures play a critical role in both VAC and Ending Hunger outcomes. 7. CONCLUSION The VAC and Hunger IPFs provide a coordinated framework for addressing child protection, food security, and household resilience challenges in Eswatini. While existing community structures and partnerships present strong opportunities for implementation, addressing resource, coordination, and social norm challenges will be critical to achieving sustainable results and improving the well- being of children and families.WORLD VISION INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FRAMEWORKS (IPF)

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