Esprit De CorpsPM Shri kendriya vidyalaya SAP, ThiruvananthapuramClass :12A (Commerce) (2026-2027)
EDITORIAL TEAMJOSEPH K.A (CLASS TEACHER) JAYAKRISHNAN M(CO-CLASS TEACHER) SREYA BHATT A(CHIEF EDITOR) AISWARYA R.S
INDEX1. What is microeconomics? 2.महाक वः का लदासः 3. Startup India 4.Breaking the silence 5.The blueprint of restlessness 6.The power of sports 7.Student life:challenges and dreams 8.Unsung Heroes 9.Impact of social media on students 10.1991: The Year That Changed India’s Economy 11.GAME THEORY 12.FROM STRANGER TO FRIEND 13.The Power of Sport 14.what makes a business truly successful?
INDEX 15.MYERS BRIGGS TYPES INDICATOR 16.The final horizon 17.Glow with the flow 18.The Quiet Magician :Lionel Messi
What is Macroeconomics? By:Aiswarya R S In simple words, “Macroeconomics is that part of economic theory which studies the behaviour of aggregates of the economy as a whole”. For example : National income, Aggregate demand, Aggregate consumption etc. Its main tools are Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply. Macroeconomists study aggregate measures of the economy, such as output or Gross Domestic Product(GDP), national income, unemployment, inflation, consumption, saving, investment, or trade. Macroeconomics is primarily focused on questions that help to understand aggregate variables in relation to long-run economic growth. BASIC CONCEPTS OF MACROECONOMICS Macroeconomics encompasses a variety of concepts and variables, but above all, the three central macroeconomic variables are output,unemployment and inflation. National output is the total amount of everything that a country produces in a given period of time. The total net output of the economy is usually measured as GDP (Gross Domestic Product) A general price increase across the entire economy is called inflation. When prices decrease, there is deflation.
The amount of unemployment in an economy is measured by the unemployment rate, that is, the percentage of people in the labour force who do not have a job, but who are actively looking for one.People who are retired, pursuing education, or discouraged from seeking work due to lack of job prospects are not part of the labour force and, consequently, are not counted as unemployed either. HISTORY OF MACROECONOMICS Macroeconomics, as a separate field of research and study, is generally recognised to have begun with the publication of John Maynard Keynes’s The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money in 1936. The term “macrodynamics” and “macroanalysis” were introduced by Ragnar Frisch in 1933, and Lawrence Klein in 1946 used the word”macroeconomics” itself in a journal title in 1946. But naturally, several of the themes which are central to macroeconomics research had been discussed by thoughtful economists and other writers long before 1936. Source : Wikipedia & Introductory Macroeconomics (Sandeep Garg)
महाक वः का लदासः क व शरोम णः क वकुलगु ः का लदासः क व े ः इ त उच् यते। का लदासःप्र ाचीनका लकः राष्ट्र क वः उच् यते। का लदासस् य जन् म ानं कश् मीराः वा वङ्ग भू मवा राज ानं वा उज्ज यनी वे त न तं व ुं न शक् यते। न चास् य महानुभावस् य जीवनकाल वषये क द् नण यः। महाराज वक्र मा दत् यस् य राजसभाया अयं प्र त तो व ान् इ त सव ः स् वी क्र यते। का लदासस् य काव्ये क चत् अलौ ककम्, अपूव म्, असाधारणम् च सौन् दय दरीदृश् यते। तस् य काव्ये आकश् मीरात् आ कन् याकुमारीम्, आ ा रकायाः आ प्र ाग्ज् यो तषम् अपूव स् वाभा वकं च सौन् दय वण नम् उपलभ् यते। तस् य काव्य रस नपीय नपीय जनानाम् हृ दयम् नृत् येन आन् दो लतम् इव भव त। त ुल् य कोऽ प क वः नासीत्। का लदासेन अ भ ानशाकुन् तलम्, वक्र मोव शीयम्, माल वका ग् न म ं च इ त ी रू पका ण, रघुवंशम्, कुमारसम्भ वम् च इ त े महाकाव्ये , ऋतुसंहारम्, मेघदू तं च इ त े खंडकाव्ये वर चता न। तस् य कौशलम् यथा पद्य रचनायाम् तथैव नाटकेषु वत ते । ह दू धम । का लदासेन प्र कृ तः मानवसहचरीरू पेण व णता। - SIVANI HS
Startup India By:Sreya bhatt A Startup India scheme was a flagship initiative of the Indian government focusing on MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium enterprises).It mainly focuses on initiative startups with an objective for India’s economic development and inculcate entrepreneurial values in the society at large to influence the mindset of people towards entrepreneurship. -:According to Ministry of commerce and industry, a startup is: 1) An entity incorporated or registered in India. 2) Not older than five years. 3) Annual turnover which doesn’t exceed ₹25 crore in any preceding year. 4) Which works towards commercialisation or innovation. -:Impact : India has emerged as the third largest startup ecosystem in the world Created lots of employment opportunities. It attracted domestic and foreign investment.
Breaking the Silence: The Truth About Stress, Substance Use, and Protecting Our Peers -Gagan krishna Growing up today comes with a unique set of pressures. Between keeping up with grades, planning for hyper-competitive exams, managing social lives, and thinking about the future, the mental load can feel heavy. While most students find healthy ways to cope—like sports, art, or just venting to friends—there is a quiet reality we need to talk about: the temptation to turn to substances to escape or manage stress. The Changing Landscape: The types of substances facing our generation don't always look like what our parents or teachers grew up worrying about. Today, substance use often hides in plain sight: Vaping and Nicotine Pouches: Frequently marketed with fruity flavours or discreet packaging, masking the fact that nicotine alters adolescent brain development, impacting memory and attention spans. The Myth of "Harmless" Escapes: With shifting global trends, some substances are perceived as risk-free. However, frequent use during teenage years can significantly disrupt motivation, logical reasoning, and long-term mental health. The Hidden Risks: One of the most dangerous developments in recent years is the unpredictability of counterfeit pills or unregulated street substances. Users rarely know exactly what chemical compounds they are consuming, turning experimentation into a high-stakes gamble. The Brain Under Construction: Neuroscientists point out that the human brain continues developing until around age 25. The last part to fully mature is the prefrontal cortex—the region responsible for impulse control, weighing consequences, and managing stress. When substances are introduced to a brain that is still "wiring" itself, they can hijack the natural reward system. What starts as a quick fix for stress can rapidly alter how the brain handles anxiety, making it much harder to cope naturally over time.Times New Roman
The Warning Signs True friendship means noticing when someone is quietly drowning. If a peer is struggling with substance use, you might notice: Drastic Mood Shifts: Sudden, unexplained irritability, anxiety, or deep withdrawal from social circles. Changing Priorities: Losing interest in favorite hobbies, missing classes, or a sudden drop in academic performance. Physical Cues: Changes in sleep patterns, bloodshot eyes, unexplained fatigue, or sudden weight fluctuations. Moving Past the Stigma One of the biggest hurdles to getting help is shame. When substance use is treated purely as a moral failure rather than a complex health and coping issue, students who are struggling hide in the shadows. If you or someone you know is using substances to deal with academic pressure or emotional pain, the most important step is breaking the isolation. Speaking to a trusted counselor, teacher, family member, or healthcare professional isn't “getting someone in trouble"—it is getting them support before a habit becomes a crisis. We don't have to navigate the pressures of youth alone. Real strength isn't about carrying every burden silently; it’s about having the courage to look out for each other and ask for help when the weight gets too heavy.
The Blueprint of Restlessness By:krishnapriya L Everywhere we turn today, there is only pressure, only stress. It follows everyone, every single day, leaving the world in a heavy mess. The children dread the upcoming test, their studies feel like a constant strain. With piles of homework and no rest, even childhood is filled with pain. The teenagers stare into the glass, struggling to fit a perfect mold. Anxious about how they are cast, carrying worries untold. The youth are trapped in a daily race, for a job, for money, to survive. Families are stuck in a frozen space, struggling just to stay alive. And in the autumn of their years, the elders sit in the fading light. Abandoned to their quiet fears, with no one left to hold them tight. Midst all this pressure, all this strife, losing ourselves to the daily grind— Oh Universe, when do we live our life? When do we find our peace of mind?
The Power of Sports: Building Bodies, Minds, and Communities By Prajo Pratheesh Sports are far more than just games played for entertainment; they are a fundamental pillar of personal development and community cohesion. Whether at a recreational backyard level or the height of professional competition, engaging in athletic activities fundamentally transforms individuals and societies alike. 1. Physical Health and Wellness The most immediate and obvious benefits of sports are physical. Regular athletic participation is one of the most effective ways to maintain optimal health: Cardiovascular Strength: Sports like soccer, basketball, and swimming keep the heart rate up, significantly strengthening the cardiovascular system. Motor Skills and Coordination: Precision sports, including tennis and gymnastics, fine-tune hand-eye coordination, balance, and reflexes. Immune and Metabolic Support: Consistent physical exertion boosts the immune system and helps regulate metabolic health, reducing the risk of chronic conditions. 2. Mental Resilience and Sharpness Beyond the physical exertion, sports serve as a powerful catalyst for mental and psychological growth. Athletes routinely practice skillsets that translate directly to academic and career success:
Stress Relief: Physical activity triggers the release of endorphins, the body's natural mood lifters, which drastically reduce stress and anxiety levels. Strategic Thinking: Sports require split-second decision- making, tactical planning, and the ability to read an opponent's strategy. Handling Adversity: Learning to lose gracefully, analyze mistakes, and return to the game stronger builds a robust sense of resilience. 3. Social Connection and Teamwork Perhaps the most lasting impact of sports is social. Playing on a team teaches individuals how to cooperate toward a shared objective, bridging cultural and social divides:
Core Value How Sports Develop It Collaboration Learning to trust teammates and sacrifice individual glory for a collective win. Communication Developing clear, concise verbal and non- verbal cues under intense pressure. Leadership Stepping up during critical moments to motivate, guide, and support peers.Ultimately, sports provide a universal language that inspires dedication, celebrates diversity, and champions the human spirit.
“Student Life: Challenges and Dreams” By:Aditya Krishna B Student Life Is One Of The Most Important And Memorable Phases Of Life. It Is A Time For Learning, Growth, Self-Discovery, And Preparing For The Future. Students Face Various Challenges While Also Nurturing Dreams And Ambitions. The Importance of Student Life Student life is the period when a person learns knowledge, values, and life skills. It helps students build confidence, develop talents, and prepare for future careers. The habits formed during this stage often shape a person’s future success. Challenges Faced by Students Students face many challenges in their daily lives. Academic pressure, homework, examinations, and competition can sometimes cause stress. Managing time between studies, hobbies, and personal life can also be difficult. Additionally, distractions such as social media and excessive screen time may affect concentration and productivity. Dreams and Aspirations Every student has dreams and goals for the future. Some aspire to become doctors, engineers, teachers, entrepreneurs, artists, or scientists. These dreams motivate students to work hard, improve their skills, and strive for success. Dreams give purpose and direction to life.
Role of Teachers and Parents Teachers and parents play a vital role in a student's life. Teachers provide knowledge, guidance, and encouragement, while parents offer love, support, and motivation. Together, they help students overcome difficulties, build confidence, and achieve their goals. Importance of Mental and Physical Health Good health is essential for academic success and overall well- being.Physical health can be maintained through proper nutrition, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep. Mental health is equally important and can be improved by managing stress, staying positive, and seeking support when needed. Student Success Stories:Success stories inspire students to believe in themselves. Many successful individuals faced obstacles and failures before achieving their goals. Reading about their journeys teaches important lessons such as perseverance, hard work, and determination. Tips for Students:Set realistic goals and work towards them consistently.Create a study schedule and manage time wisely. Avoid unnecessary distractions Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Stay positive and never give up after failures.Participate in extracurricular activities to develop new skills. Importance of Friendships Friendships are an important part of student life. Friends provide support, encouragement, and companionship during both happy anddifficult times. Through friendships, students learn teamwork, communication, trust, and cooperation. Many school friendships become cherished lifelong memories.
Future of Students in a Changing World The world is changing rapidly due to advancements in technology and globalization. Students must be adaptable, creative, and willing to learn new skills throughout their lives. Emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and digital entrepreneurship offer exciting opportunities for future careers. “The dreams you nurture today become the reality you live tomorrow. Every challenge is not a barrier, but a stepping stone towards a brighter future”
Unsung Heroes by:Karthika Suresh “Unsung heroes are the silent pillars of society whose dedication, sacrifice, and service make a positive difference in the lives of others, even though their contributions often go unnoticed.” Here are some well-known and lesser-known Unsung Heroes: Dashrath Manjhi Dashrath Manjhi is a real hero because he showed what one person’s love and determination can do. After losing his wife because the mountain blocked the way to the hospital, he spent 22 years breaking rocks with just a hammer and chisel to make a road. He didn’t wait for help or give up. Because of him, what was once a 55km journey became just 15km, and thousands of people’s lives got easier. That’s why we call him the Mountain Man - a hero who carved hope out of stone. Sindhutai Sapkal Sindhutai Sapkal was thrown out of her home at 20 years old while 9 months pregnant, and she gave birth alone in a cow shed. With no money and no one to help, she lived on railway platforms and started feeding other hungry, abandoned children she met there. People called her crazy, but she kept collecting “;unwanted” kids and became their mother. With no support from anyone, she built orphanages over 40 years and raised more than 1,400 children. She gave them food,education, and love when the world gave up on them. That’s why people call her &”;Mai” - the mother of orphans.
Jadav Payeng Jadav Payeng was just 16 when he saw hundreds of snakes dying on Majuli island because floods had washed away all the trees. That sight broke his heart, so in 1979 he started planting bamboo and tree saplings alone on a barren sandbar of the Brahmaputra River. Every day for 40 years he kept planting, living in a small hut with almost no money. People laughed at him, but he never stopped. Today that barren land is”;Molai Forest” - 1,360 acres big, with tigers, elephants, deer, and hundreds of birds. One boy’s grief became a forest that protects an entire island. Rani Gaidinliu Rani Gaidinliu was only 13 when she joined a movement to free the Naga people from British rule and protect their traditions. The British called her a rebel and put a bounty on her head. She was caught at 16 and spent 14 years in jail, from 1932 to 1947, but she never gave up.When Jawaharlal Nehru met her in prison, he was so impressed he gave her the title “Rani” which means queen. After India became free, she spent her whole life fighting for tribal rights and unity. A teenage girl stood up to an empire and never backed down
Matangini Hazra Matangini Hazra was a 72-year-old widow from a sm village in Bengal with no money and no education. When Quit IndiaMovement started in 1942, she joined the pro even though she was old and frail. During a march to t over a police station, British police told everyone to st Matangini kept walking forward with the Indian flag in hands. Police shot her 3 times, but even while bleeding kept shouting “Vande Mataram” and held the flag high till last breath. People called her “;Gandhi Buri” - Gandhis mother – because she gave her life for the country at an when most people rest. Velu Nachiyar Velu Nachiyar was the queen of Sivaganga in Tamil Nadu in 1700s. When the British and their allies killed her husband daughter, she escaped and spent 8 years hiding in fore During that time she built an army and trained women warrio In 1780 she attacked the British fort and won her kingdom ba Her commander Kuyili sacrificed herself by setting her body fire to blow up the British gunpowder store. Velu Nachiyar ru for 10 more years and gave equal rights to women in her army. She fought the Brit 77 years before the 1857 revolt, making her India’s first qu to go to war for freedom.
Ayyankali Ayyankali was born in 1863 into a Dalit family in Venganoor, Trivandrum, when lower castes weren’t even allowed to walk on public roads or go to school. Angry about that, he started teaching Dalit kids under a tree in 1900, because schools refused them entry. In 1893 he rode an ox-cart on roads reserved for upper castes and got attacked, but kept doing it until everyone got road rights. He also started the Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham in 1907 to fight for land and wages, and led farm workers on strike for fair pay. Because of him, schools and roads opened up for everyone in Travancore, long before India got independence. Lakshmi Sahgal Lakshmi Sahgal was a doctor from Kerala who gave up her clinic in 1943 to join Subhash Chandra Bose’s Indian National Army. Bose made her the commander of the “Rani of Jhansi Regiment” - the first all-women fighting force in Asia with over 1000 soldiers. She trained women to use guns and fight on the battlefield, not just nurse the injured. The British captured her in Burma and put her in jail for 6 months. After India got freedom, she didn’t stop serving - she kept working as a doctor for poor people till she was 98 years old. She lived by one idea: women deserve both a stethoscope and a gun.
Karimul Haque Karimul Haque is a tea vendor from a small village near the Bangladesh border in West Bengal. In 1998 his mother died because no ambulance could reach their village through the muddy fields. That pain changed him. He modified his old motorcycle by adding a stretcher and started carrying sick people, pregnant women, and accident victims to the hospital for free. For more than 20 years he rides day and night, through rain, floods, and bad roads, saving over 4000 lives. He charges nothing - only takes money if the patient insists. In 2017 India gave him the Padma Shri award, but his village had already been calling him “Bike Ambulance Dada”for years. “;Not all heroes wear capes; some simply choose to help others when no one is watching. Their names may be forgotten, but the lives they change will remember them forever.”
The Impact of Social Media on Students: By:Nivedya S Nair Points to include: Benefits of social media for learning and communication Negative effects such as distraction and addiction Tips for using social media responsibly Impact of social media on students is a double-edged sword, directly influencing their academic performance, mental health, and social development. While it offers rapid access to educational resources and global networking, excessive use frequently leads to severe academic distraction and heightened anxiety. • Academic Distraction: Multitasking between study and apps decreases focus, compromises memory retention, and lowers overall grades. Sleep Disruption: Late-night scrolling exposes students to blue light, delaying melatonin production and causing chronic fatigue.
1991: The Year That Changed India’s Economy By:Niranjana NR India has come a long way in its journey of economic development. One o the biggest turning points in this journey was the introduction of the LPG Reforms in 1991. LPG stands for Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation. These reforms were introduced under the New Economic Policy (NEP) to help India overcome a serious economic crisis. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, India was facing many economic problems. Economic growth had slowed down, the government was spending more than it earned, and the country faced a severe Balance of Payments crisis. India did not have enough foreign exchange to pay for essential imports. To deal with this situation, the government sought financial assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. In return, India agreed to introduce majo economic reforms.the first part of the reforms was Liberalisation, which meant reducing government control over industries and businesses. Many licensing rules were removed, making it easier for entrepreneurs to start and expand their businesses. This encouraged competition and improved productivity.The second part was Privatisation, which reduced the governments role in business activities. More opportunities were given to private companies in sectors such as banking, insurance and telecommunications. This helped improve efficiency and brought better services to the public.The third part was Globalisation, which connected the Indian economy with the rest of the world. Import restrictions were reduced, tariffs were lowered and foreign investment was encouraged. These changes increased trade with other countries and attracted new technology and investments into India.The LPG reforms brought many positive changes.
They increased economic growth, created new business opportunities, attracted foreign investment and made Indian industries more competitive. At he same time, the reforms also created challenges such as increased competition for small businesses and growing income inequality. Even so, they played a major role in transforming India;s economy. In conclusion, the LPG Reforms of 1991 marked the beginning of a new era in Indias economic history. They opened the doors to growth, innovation and global opportunities. Even today, the impact of these reforms can be seen in the rapid development of Indias economy and its growing role in the global market.
GAME THEORY By:R Thirupuggal Game theory in economics is a mathematical framework used to analyze strategic interactions where the outcome for one decision- maker (a person,firm, or country) depends heavily on the choices made by others. It maps out rules, strategies, and payoffs to determine optimal decisions in competitive or cooperative scenarios. Key Components of a Game: Every economic game consists of three main elements: Players: The decision-makers (e.g., competing corporations, bidding consumers, or negotiating nations). Strategies: The available actions each player can choose to take. Payoffs: The rewards or outcomes (e.g., profit, market share, or utility)resulting from the combination of strategies played. Major Solution Concepts To predict how a game will play out, economists use specific mathematical benchmarks: Nash Equilibrium: A state where no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their strategy, assuming the other player; strategies remain constant. Dominant Strategy: A strategy that yields the highest payoff for a player regardless of what their opponents decide to do. Core Applications in Economics Game theory shifted economics away from static models, focusing instead on dynamic, interdependent markets:
Oligopolies and Price Wars: In markets dominated by a few major firms, one company;s pricing or advertising strategy directly impacts its competitors. Game theory explains why firms often end up in price-matching standstills or engaging in expensive marketing campaigns to avoid losing market share. Auctions: Game theory is heavily used to design auction formats (like 5G spectrum auctions or government procurement) and predict how bidders will strategically withhold their true valuations to win. Bilateral Negotiations: It models wage bargaining between labor unions and management, or negotiations over international trade treaties. Cooperation vs. Defection: The famous Prisoner's Dilemma illustrates why two rational agents may choose to act selfishly (defect), resulting in a worse outcome for both than if they had cooperated. This concept is often applied to climate change agreements and corporate RandD investments.
FROM STRANGER TO FRIEND BY:ABIN On the first day of school, we walked into the classroom as strangers. Some of us were nervous, some excited, and others simply curious about the people around us. We didn’t know that these unfamiliar faces would soon become an important part of our lives. As the days passed, conversations turned into friendships. Group projects, classroom laughter, school events, and even exam stress brought us closer together. We learned to support one another, celebrate each other’s successes, and stand together during difficult times.Every class has its own story, and ours is written with memories that will stay with us forever. The jokes we shared, the lessons we learned, and the moments we created have made our classroom feel like a second home.Although our paths may lead us in different directions after school, the friendships we built will remain a cherished part of our lives. We entered as strangers, but we leave as friends—connected by unforgettable memories and ready to begin new chapters with the lessons and bonds we’ve gained together. “We came as strangers, laughed as classmates, and leave as friends with memories that will last a lifetime.”
what makes a business truly successful? By:Sandra Sajeev shweiter When people hear the word business, they often think of money and profits. But is profit alone enough to make a business truly successful? The answer is no. A successful business is one that earns trust, creates value, and makes a positive difference in peoples lives.The first step to success is understanding customers needs. Businesses that provide quality products and services build lasting relationships. A satisfied customer is not just a buyer—they become the best ambassador for the business. GATES Honesty and ethics are equally important. Trust is one of the greatest assets a business can have. A company that keeps its promises and treats people fairly earns respect that lasts much longer than temporary profits. innovation is another secret to success. The world is changing every day, and businesses that are willing to learn, improve, and adapt are the ones that continue to grow. Great ideas often begin with simple questions and a willingness to think differently.A business also succeeds because of its people. Good leaders inspire their teams, and teamwork turns challenges into opportunities. When employees feel valued, they work with passion and creativity. Finally, a truly successful business remembers its responsibility to society. By caring forcustomers, employees, the environment, and the community, it creates a legacy tha goes far beyond financial success.
MYERS BRIGGS TYPES INDICATOR By: Aiswarya RS The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a self-report questionnaire that makes pseudoscientific claims to categorize individuals into 16 distinct psychological types (often called personality types). The test assigns a binary letter value to each of four dichotomous categories: introversion or extraversion,sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. This produces a four-letter test result, such as“INTJ” or “ESFP”, representing one of the 16 types The original version of the MBTI was constructed during World War II by Americans Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers, inspired by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung’1921 book Psychological Types. Isabel Myers was particularly fascinated by the concept of “introversion”, and she typed herself as an INFP. However, she thought that the book was too complex for the general public and tried to organize the Jungian cognitive functions to make it more accessible.As a psychometric indicator, the test exhibits significant deficiencies, including poor validity, poor reliability, measuring supposedly dichotomous categories that are not independent, and not being comprehensive. Most of the research supportinghe MBTI’s validity has been produced by the Center for Applications of Psychological Type, an organization run by the Myers–Briggs Foundation, and published in the center’s own journal, the Journal of Psychological Type (JPT), raising questions of independence, bias and conflict of interest.Nevertheless, due to the Barnum effect, participants often attribute a level of accuracy to the results that is disproportionate to their scientific credibility..
The MBTI is not considered useful in psychological practice or study, since it lacks predictive power. According to University of Pennsylvania professor Adam Grant, “There is no evidencebehind it. The traits measured by the test have almost nopredictive power when it comes to how happy you’ll be in a given situation, how well you’ll perform at your job, or how satisfied you’ll be in your marriage.” Despite controversies over validity, the instrument has demonstrated widespread influence since its adoption by the Educational Testing Service in 1962. Iis estimated that 50 million people have taken the MBTI and that 10,000 businesses, 2,500 colleges and universities, and 200 government agencies in the United States use it. THE SIXTEEN PERSONALITIES INTJ Introverted Intuitive Thinking Judging People with the INTJ personality type (Architects) are intellectually curious individuals with a deep-seated thirst for knowledge. INTJs tend to value creative ingenuity, straightforward rationality, and self- improvement. They consistently work toward enhancing intellectual abilities and are often driven by an intense desire to master any and every topic that piques their interest. INTP Introverted Intuitive Thinking Prospecting People with the INTP personality type (Logicians) pride themselves on their unique perspective and vigorous intellect. They can’t help but puzzle over the mysteries of the universe – which may explain why some of the most influential philosophers and scientists of all time have been INTPs. People with this personality type tend to prefer solitude, as they can easily become immersed in their thoughts when they are left to their own devices. They are also incredibly creative and inventive, and they are not afraid to express their novel ways of thinking or to stand out from the crowd.
ENTJ Extraverted Intuitive Thinking Judging People with the ENTJ personality type (Commanders) are natural- born leaders. Embodying the gifts of charisma and confidence, ENTJs project authority in a way that draws crowds together behind a common goal. However, these personalities are also characterized by an often ruthless level of rationality, using their drive, determination, and sharp mind to achieve whatever objectives they’ve set for themselves. Their intensity mightsometimes rub people the wrong way, but ultimately, ENTJs take pride in both their work ethic and their impressive level of self-discipline. ENTP Extraverted Intuitive Thinking Prospecting Quick-witted and audacious, people with the ENTP personality type (Debaters) aren’t afraid to disagree with the status quo. In fact, they’re notafraid to disagree with pretty much anything or anyone. Few things light up these personalities more than a bit of verbal sparring – and if the conversation veers into controversial terrain, so much the better. It would be a mistake, though, to think of ENTPs as disagreeable or mean-spirited. Instead, people with this personality type are knowledgeable and curious with a playful sense of humor, and they can be incredibly entertaining. They simply have an offbeat, contrarian idea of fun – one that usually involves a healthy dose of spirited debate. INFJ Introverted Intuitive Feeling Judging Idealistic and principled, people with the INFJ personality type (Advocates)aren’t content to coast through life – they want to stand up and make a difference. For these compassionate personalities, success doesn’t come from money or status but from seeking fulfillment, helping others, and being a force for good in the world. While they have lofty goals and ambitions,
INFJs shouldn’t be mistaken foridle dreamers. People with this personality type care about integrity, and hey’re rarely satisfied until they’ve done what they know to be right. Conscientious to the core, they move through life with a clear sense of heirvalues, and they aim to never lose sight of what truly matters – not accordin to other people or society at large but according to their own wisdom and intuition. INFP Introverted Intuitive Feeling Prospecting Although they may seem quiet or unassuming, people with the INFP personality type (Mediators) have vibrant, passionate inner lives. Creative and imaginative, they happily lose themselves in daydreams, inventing all sorts of stories and conversations in their mind. INFPs are known for their sensitivity – these personalities can have profound emotional responses to music, art, nature, and the people around them. They are known to be extremely sentimental and nostalgic, often holding onto special keepsakes and memorabilia that brighten their days and fill their heart with joy.Idealistic and empathetic, people with the INFP personality type long for deep, soulful relationships, and they feel called to help others.
Due to the fast-paced and competitive nature of our society, they may sometimes feel lonely or invisible, adrift in a world that doesn’t seem to appreciate the trait that make them unique. Yet it is precisely because INFPs brim with such rich sensitivity and profound creativity that they possess the unique potential to connect deeply and initiate positive change. ENFJ Extraverted Intuitive Feeling Judging People with the ENFJ personality type (Protagonists) feel called to serve a greater purpose in life. Thoughtful and idealistic, ENFJs strive to have a positive impact on other people and the world around them. Thesepersonalities rarely shy away from an opportunity to do the right thing, even when doing so is far from easy. ENFP Extraverted Intuitive Thinking Prospecting People with the ENFP personality type (Campaigners) are true free spirits –outgoing, openhearted, and open-minded. With their lively, upbeat approach to life, ENFPs stand out in any crowd. But even though they can be he life of the party, they don’t just care about having a good time. These personalities have profound depths that are fueled by their intense desire for meaningful, emotional connections with others. ISTJ Introverted Sensing Thinking Judging People with the ISTJ personality type (Logisticians) mean what they say and say what they mean, and when they commit to doing something, they make sure to follow through. With their responsible and dependable nature, it might not be so surprising that ISTJ personalities also tend to have a deep respect for structure and tradition. They are often drawn to organizations,workplaces, and educational settings that offer clear hierarchies and expectations
ISTJ Introverted Sensing Thinking Judging People with the ISTJ personality type (Logisticians) mean what they say and say what they mean, and when they commit to doing something, they make sure to follow through. With their responsible and dependable nature, it might not be so surprising that ISTJ personalities also tend to have a deep respect for structure and tradition. They are often drawn to organizations, workplaces, and educational settings that offer clear hierarchies and expectations. While ISTJs may not be particularly flashy or attention seeking, they do more than their share to keep society on a sturdy, stable foundation. In their families and their communities, people with this personality type often earn respect for their reliability, their practicality, and their ability to stay grounded and logical in even the most stressful situations. ISFJ Introverted Sensing Feeling Judging In their unassuming, understated way, people with the ISFJ personality type(Defenders) help make the world go round. Hardworking and devoted, these personalities feel a deep sense of responsibility to those around them. ISFJs can be counted on to meet deadlines, remember birthdays and special occasions, uphold traditions, and shower their loved ones with gestures of care and support. But they rarely demand recognition for all that they do,preferring instead to operate behind the scenes.
This is a capable, can-do personality type with a wealth of versatile gifts. Though sensitive and caring, ISFJs also have excellent analytical abilities and an eye for detail. And despite their reserve, they tend to have well-developed people skills and robust social relationships. These personalities are truly more than the sum of their parts, and their varied strengths shine in even the most ordinary aspects of their daily lives. ESTJ Extraverted Sensing Thinking Judging People with the ESTJ personality type (Executives) are representatives of tradition and order, utilizing their understanding of what is right, wrong, and socially acceptable to bring families and communities together. Embracing the values of honesty and dedication, ESTJs are valued for their mentorship mindset and their ability to create and follow through on plans in a diligent and efficient manner. They will happily lead the way on difficult paths, and they won’t give up when things become stressful. ESFJ Extraverted Sensing Feeling Judging For people with the ESFJ personality type (Consuls), life is sweetest when it’shared with others. These social individuals form the bedrock of manycommunities, opening their homes and their hearts to friends, loved ones,and neighbors.
This doesn’t mean that they are saints or that they like everyone. In fact, they are much more likely to form close bonds with people who share their sam values and opinions. But regardless of other people’s beliefs, ESFJ personalities still strongly believe in the power of hospitality and good manners, and they tend to feel a sense of duty to those around them. Generous and reliable, they often take it upon themselves – in ways both large and small – to hold their families and their communities together. ISTP Introverted Sensing Thinking Prospecting People with the ISTP personality type (Virtuosos) love to explore with the hands and their eyes, touching and examining the world around them with an impressive diligence, a casual curiosity, and a healthy dose of skepticism. They are natural makers, moving from project to project, building the useful and the superfluous for the fun of it and learning from their environment a they go. They find no greater joy than in getting their hands dirty pulling things apart and putting them back together, leaving them just a little bit better than they were before. ISFP Introverted Sensing Feeling Prospecting People with the ISFP personality type (Adventurers) are true artists – although not necessarily in the conventional sense. For these types, life itself is acanvas for self-expression. From what they wear to how they spend their free time, they act in ways that vividly reflect who they are as unique individuals. With their exploratory spirit and their ability to find joy in everyday life, ISFPs can be among the most interesting people you’ll ever meet.Driven by their sense of fairness and their open-mindedness, people with this personality type move through life with an infectiously encouraging attitude.They love motivating those close to them to follow
ESTP Extraverted Sensing Thinking Prospecting People with the ESTP personality type (Entrepreneurs) are vibrant individuals brimming with an enthusiastic and spontaneous energy. They tend to be on the competitive side, often assuming that a competitive mindset is a necessity in order to achieve success in life. With their driven, action- oriented attitudes, they rarely waste time thinking about the past. In fact, they excel at keeping their attention rooted in their present – so much so that they rarely find themselves fixated on the time throughout the day.Theory, abstract concepts, and plodding discussions about global issues and their implications don’t keep ESTP personalities interested for long. They keep their conversations energetic, with a good dose of intelligence, but they like to talk about what is – or better yet, to just go out and do it. They often leap before they look, fixing their mistakes as they go rather than sitting idle and preparing contingencies and escape clauses. ESFP Extraverted Sensing Feeling Prospecting If anyone is to be found spontaneously breaking into song and dance, it is people with the ESFP personality type (Entertainers). They get caught up in the excitement of the moment and want everyone else to feel that way too.No other type is as generous with their time and energy when it comes toencouraging others, and no other type does it with such irresistible style. Source : Wikipedia and 16personalities
The Final Horizon BY:Jessica Angel • The morning rush, the heavy bags we bore, • Are now the chapters of a cherished lore. • From nervous fresher’s to the senior pride, • It’s been a wild, unforgettable ride. • The corridors still echo with our laughter loud, • The lunchtime chaos of a hungry crowd. • We stressed over exams, the deadlines we’d meet, • Yet found our comfort on a back row seat. • Teachers who guided, who helped us to see, • The endless potential of who we could be. • And friends who became like a family tree, • Rooted in bonds that will always set free • Now Grade Twelve stands at the edge of the shore, • Ready to open a brand new door. • The future is calling, the skies are so vast, • But we’ll carry forever the gems of our past. • Goodbye to the classrooms, the bells, and the yard, • Leaving this haven is heavy and hard. • But we step out with courage, with dreams in our eyes, • Ready to conquer the limitless skies.
The Quiet Magician: What Lionel Messi Taught Us By:Aleena R Davidson Greatness doesn’t always arrive with noise. Sometimes it dribbles past five defenders, scores,and walks away like it was nothing.That’s Lionel Messi. At 5’7”, Messi was never supposed to dominate a sport built for giants. Diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency at 11, his family couldn’t afford treatment. Barcelona did — but only if a shy boy from Rosario moved continents to chase a ball. He did. And he never looked back. The Lesson in Discipline:For 17 years at Barcelona, Messi made the extraordinary look routine. 672 goals. 10 La Liga titles. 4 Champions Leagues. But the numbers miss the point. Watch old training clips: he stayed after everyone left, practicing free kicks until the sun went down. Talent gets you noticed. Discipline keeps you there. The Lesson in Humility:Eight Ballon dollars sit on his shelf, yet Messi’s most famous assists are passes he didn’t have to make. He could have shot. He chose the teammate. In an era of ego, he became the best by making others better. That’s rare. That’s why kids in Kerala wear his jersey before they can spell “Argentina.” The Lesson in Resilience:He lost four finals with Argentina. In 2016, he quit international football after missing a penalty. The world called him a club legend, not a national one. Most would’ve accepted that. At 35, in Qatar, he dragged his country to the World Cup. Not with rage — with joy. He reminded us that your story isn’t over until you stop writing.
Why He Matters Here:In Thiruvananthapuram, in classrooms and on dusty grounds, Messi isn’t just a footballer. He’s proof that you don’t need to be the tallest, the loudest, or the richest to be the best. You need love for your craft, respect for your team, and the courage to fail in public. Messi retires eventually. The lesson won’t. Greatness is quiet. Greatness is kind. Greatness passes the ball.
GLOW WITH THE FLOW by Saanvi Nair MOON JELLYFISH APPEARANCE : They are known for their translucent flowy bodies which glows in the deep darkness of the ocean ,central gonads stands out striking purple ,blue or pink based on their diet . DIET : As carnivores, they use their fine short tentacles , coated with sticky mucus and mild stinging cells to capture zooplanktons ,fish eggs and small larvae as they drift STING : They possess nematocyst (stinging cells ) to paralyze prey, but they are generally harmless to humans. Their sting is too mild to penetrate thick human skin .
LIFE CYCLE : They exhibit a complex life cycle , shifting between a stationery stalk-like polyp attached to rocks and then free floating adult stage (MEDUSA) BEHAVIOUR :Ocean currents often gather them together in large groups , known as blooms or smacks LANTERNFISH BIOLUMINSCENCE : They use chemical reactions to produce a blue-green glow. These lights help in mate and species recognition and for camouflage via counter- illumination( matching the dim sunlight from above to escape predators from below) APPEARANCE : They are small with slender silver bodies and mouths, and unusually large eyes to detect in the deep dark sea.
DAILY MIGRATION : They are famous for performing daily vertical migration . they stay in the twilight zone , darker area of the wonders of ocean. DIET : They swim upwards in the night to catch preys like zooplanktons, krills and small marine invertebrates .Large lanternfishes also feed on small ones . GLOBAL IMPORTANCE : With hundreds of recognized species ,they are among the most populous vertebrates on the planet , with their massive movements significantly aiding in the ocean’s carbon cycle . VAMPIRE SQUID
APPEARENCE : They have a striking , massive red ruby eye ( the largest eye to body ratio in animal kingdom ) and deep red coloration with dark cloak-like webbing connecting its eight arms. When threatened , they turn their body inside out this posture is widely known as the “pineapple posture “. HABITAT: It thrives in extreme depths of the ocean in the “ OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONE “ where oxygen levels are critically low . DIET :It is a detritivore ,that eats marine snows , a mix of decaying organic matter , dead zooplanktons ,etc Despite its terrifying name , this deep wonder is considered as one of the most gentle animals in the deep sea .
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