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Scientific Studies

1 KSM-66® Ashwagandha / Scientific Studies THE MOST CLINICALLY STUDIED ASHWAGANDHA ROOT EXTRACT IN THE WORLD Industry leader in clinical trials and research investigating the effectiveness of Ashwagandha. Largest pool of research studies with 70 studies: 48 published studies, 12 additional studies completed and in peer review, and 10 ongoing studies. Following the gold standard: Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized studies. Our trials are on a healthy population to mirror our mainstream customer base. Our publications are of academia standard, all in PubMed-indexed peer-reviewed journals. The principal investigators are leading independent researchers and academicians with established publication records.

2 STUDY 1 - STRESS AND ANXIETY STRESS RELIEF AND WELLNESS Chandrasekhar, K. et al., 2012. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 34(3), 255–262. 64 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 44% reduction in Perceived Stress Scale score (p<0.001). A 27.9% reduction in Serum Cortisol levels (p<0.05). A 72.3% reduction in total General Health Questionnaire - 28 scores (p<0.001). The GHQ-28 domain scores for Somatic, Anxiety and Insomnia, Social Dysfunction, and Severe Depression decreased significantly by 76.1%, 69.7%, 68.1%, and 79.3%, respectively (p<0.001). A 71.6% reduction in total Depression Anxiety Stress Scale score (p<0.001). The DASS scores for the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress domains decreased significantly by 77.0%, 75.6%, and 64.2%, respectively (p<0.001). body weight. Choudhary, D.et al., 2017. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 22(1), 96–106. STUDY 2 - STRESS AND STRESS-RELATED FOOD CRAVINGS 50 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 32.7% reduction in Perceived Stress Scale scores (p<0.05). Food Cravings Questionnaire scores for the Planning, Positive and Negative Reinforcement, Lack of Control, Emotion, and Environment domains decreased significantly (p<0.05). A 22.2% decrease was observed in Serum Cortisol levels (p<0.05). A 3% and 2.9% reduction in Body Weight and Body Mass Index respectively (p<0.05). A 19.2% increase in Oxford Happiness Questionnaire scores (p<0.05) A 20.4% and 15.8% reduction in Three Factor Eating Questionnaire scores for “Uncontrolled” and “Emotional Eating Behavior'' were observed (p<0.05). Salve, J. et al., 2019. Cureus, 11(12), e6466. STUDY 3 - STRESS, SLEEP, AND ANXIETY 58 Participants 125/300mg Twice daily 8 Weeks A 33.7% and 38.3% reduction in Perceived Stress Scale scores for 250mg/day and 600mg/day, respectively (p<0.001). A 16.4% and 32.6% reduction in Serum Cortisol levels for 250mg/day and 600mg/day, respectively. A 13.0% and 16.3% decrease in Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores for 250mg/day and 600mg/day (p<0.05), respectively. A 35.2% and 46.0% decrease in Sleep Quality scores for 250mg/day and 600mg/day, respectively, resulting in a greater quality of sleep. Prospective, Randomized, Multi-centric, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of KSM-66 Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in Adults Experiencing High Stress and/or Anxiety - USA, India, Australia, Portugal and Africa. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 4 - STRESS AND ANXIETY - MULTICONTENT STUDY 1002 Participants 300mg Twice daily 8 Weeks A 27.8% reduction in the Perceived Stress Scale scores (p<0.001). A 19.9% reduction in Serum Cortisol levels (p<0.001). A 41.9% reduction in total Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores (p<0.001). Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract on Stress and Weight Management in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 5 - STRESS AND STRESS-RELATED FOOD CRAVINGS 91 Participants 300mg Twice daily 24 Weeks A 27.28% and 8.26% reduction in Perceived Stress Scale and Standard Stress Scale scores, respectively (p<0.001). Food Cravings Questionnaire scores for the Planning, Positive and Negative Reinforcement, Lack of Control, Emotion, and Environment domains decreased significantly (p<0.0001). A 36.1% decrease was observed in Serum Cortisol levels (p=0.005). A 10.67% and 10.81% reduction in Body Weight and Body Mass Index, respectively (p<0.0001).

1 KSM-66® Ashwagandha / Scientific Studies Langade, D et al., 2019. Cureus, 11(9), e5797. STUDY 1 - SLEEP AND ANXIETY 60 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 10 Weeks A 30.3% and 22.5% decrease in Sleep Onset Latency (p<0.002) and Wake After Sleep Onset respectively. A 19.0%, 10.3%, and 7.9% increase in Total Sleep Time, Sleep Efficiency (p<0.001), and Total Time in Bed, respectively. A 30.0% decrease in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, indicating better sleep (p<0.0001). A 21.6% decrease in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores. A significant increase in Mental Alertness on Rising scores from 10.3% at baseline to 69.2% at the end of the study. A significant increase in Sleep Quality (p<0.002). Langade, D.et al 2020. Journal of Ethnopharmacology: 264:113276. STUDY 2 - SLEEP AND ANXIETY 80 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 15.5% and 33.5% decrease in Sleep Onset Latency in healthy and insomnia subjects, respectively (p<0.0001). A 29.3% and 22.7% decrease in Wake After Sleep Onset in healthy and insomnia subjects, respectively (p<0.0001). A 3.2% and 11.3% increase in Sleep Efficiency in healthy and insomnia subjects, respectively (p<0.0001). A 22.2% and 26.2% decrease in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores in both healthy and insomnia subjects, respectively (p<0.0001), indicating better sleep. A 29.2% decrease in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores for insomnia subjects (p<0.0001). A 17.9% and 36.0% decrease in Mental Alertness on Rising scores for healthy and insomnia subjects, respectively (p<0.0001). A 31.6% and 45.3% increase in Sleep Quality in both healthy and insomnia subjects, respectively. Kelgane, S. B et al., 2020. Cureus, 12(2), e7083. STUDY 3 - SLEEP AND GENERAL WELL-BEING IN OLDER ADULTS 50 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 12 Weeks A 24.2%, 22.4%, 18.9%, 5.6%, and 9.8% increase in WHO-QOL scores for the Global, Physical, Psychological, Social Relationship, and Environmental domains, respectively (p<0.0001). A 53.1% reduction in Mental Alertness on Rising scores indicates increased alertness (p<0.05). A 57.1% reduction in Sleep Quality scores indicating an increase in the quality of sleep (p<0.0001). A 33.5% reduction in the Sleepiness Scale scores, indicates improved and better quality of sleep. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel, Single-Center, Two-arm, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha root extract in Management of Frailty in Older Adults. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 4 - SLEEP AND FRAILTY IN OLDER ADULTS 50 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 40.15% reduction in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores indicates better sleep (p<0.001). A 12.6% reduction in Frailty Assessment and Screening Tool scores indicates increased alertness (p<0.05). A 19.3% improvement in the 6 Minute Walking Test scores. A 17.98% improvement in Mini-Mental State Exam scores (p<0.001). A 8.06% increase in quality of life in Short Form-12 Questionnaire scores (p<0.001) Efficacy and Safety of KSM66 Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in elderly for general health improvement: A prospec- tive, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 5 - SLEEP, FRAILTY, AND GENERAL WELL-BEING IN OLDER ADULTS 50 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 54.05% reduction in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores indicates better sleep (p<0.001). A 7%, 4%, 7.55%, and 3.14% increase in Older People’s Quality of Life scores. A significant improvement in Senior Fitness Test scores. SLEEP 3

Choudhary, B et al., 2015. Ayu, 36(1), 63–68. STUDY 1 - CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE 49 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 12 Weeks A 11.3% and 13.6% increase at the end of 8 and 12 weeks in Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2 max), respectively (p<0.001). A 14.8%, 19.7%, 21.6%, and 9.7% increase in WHO-QOL scores for the Physical Health, Psychological, Social Relationship, and Environmental domains, respectively (p<0.05). Tiwari, S et al., (2021). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113929. STUDY 2 - CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE AND RECOVERY 50 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 16.4% increase in Maximal Oxygen Consumption, VO2 max (p=0.0074). A 37.36%, 60.71%, and 59.27% increase in the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire scores for the General Stress, Fatigue, and General Well-being domains, respectively (p<0.0001). A 6.67% increase in Total Quality Recovery scores (p<0.0001). A 45.2% decrease in Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes scores (p<0.0001). A 10.59% increase in the Antioxidant levels. Wankhede, S et al., 2015. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12, 43. STUDY 3 - MUSCLE STRENGTH, RECOVERY, AND TESTOSTERONE 50 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 15.3% increase in Serum Testosterone levels (p<0.05). A 138.7% and 52% increase in Muscle Strength for Bench Press and Leg Extension exercises, respectively (p<0.05). A 8.1%, 17.1%, and 3.3% increase in Muscle Size for the Thigh, Arm, and Chest, respectively (p<0.05). A 3.5% reduction in Average Body Fat (p<0.05). A significant reduction in Serum Creatine Kinase levels indicates faster recovery. Verma N et al., 2023. F1000Research, 12:335. STUDY 4 - MUSCLE STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE 80 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 23.5% increase in Muscle Strength for bench press in males and a 22.8% increase in females, along with a 15% increase in leg extension exercises for males and a 9.9% increase for females. An overall 5.2%, 3.5%, and 4.1% increase in Muscle Size for Arm (p<0.0001), Thigh, and Chest, respectively. An overall 1.7% reduction in Average Body Fat. A 9.51% and 7.15% increase in Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2 max) in both males and females, respectively (p<0.0001). Verma N et al., 2023. International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research. 4:5; 371-381. STUDY 5 - MUSCLE RECOVERY AND TESTOSTERONE 80 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks An 8.11% and 10.07% increase in Free Testosterone and Total Testosterone levels in males (p<0.001 and p<0.0001). An overall 7.19% reduction in Serum Creatinine Phosphokinase levels indicates faster recovery (p<0.0001). SPORTS HEALTH 4

KSM-66® Ashwagandha / Scientific Studies MEN'S HEALTH Ambiye, V. R., et al., 2013. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2013, 571420. STUDY 1 - MALE FERTILITY AND TESTOSTERONE 46 Participants 225mg/ Thrice daily 12 Weeks A 167% increase in Sperm Concentration (p<0.001). A 53% increase in Semen Volume (p<0.001). A 57% increase in Sperm Motility (p<0.001). A 17% increase in Serum Testosterone levels (p<0.001). A 34% improvement in Serum Luteinizing Hormone (p<0.001). Mutha, AS et al. (2025). Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 16(4), 101155. STUDY 3 - SEXUAL WELLNESS, AND TESTOSTERONE IN MEN 93 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 14.3% and 10.43% increase in Serum Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone levels, respectively (p<0.05). A 26.4%, 32.14%, and 37.58% increase in Semen Volume, Sperm Count, and Sperm Motility parameters, respectively. A 112.84% and 108.12% increase in the Level of Sexual Desire scores and Number of Satisfying Sexual Event scores, respectively. The International Index of Erectile Function domain scores for Erectile Function, Orgasmic Function, Sexual Desire, and Intercourse Satisfaction improved significantly by 12.11%, 19.03%, 31.53%, and 29%, respectively. The total IIEF score improved by 18.23%. A 15.52% increase in Short Form-12 Questionnaire scores for quality of life. A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ashwagandha root extract for Improving Sexual Health in Healthy Men. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 4 - SEXUAL WELLNESS AND TESTOSTERONE IN MEN 76 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 12.17% and 10.23% increase in Total Testosterone and Free Testosterone levels, respectively (p<0.05). A 38.68%, 32.88%, and 38.06% increase in Semen Volume, Sperm Concentration, and Sperm Volume parameters, respectively. A 160.6% increase in the Level of Sexual Desire scores. The total International Index of Erectile Function domain scores improved significantly. A 44.26% increase in total Short Form-12 Questionnaire scores for quality of life. Chauhan, S. et al., 2022. Health science reports, 5(4), e741. STUDY 2 - SEXUAL WELLNESS IN MEN 50 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks The Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning (DISF) domain scores for Sexual Fantasy/Functions, Arousal, Orgasm, and Sexual Drive improved significantly by 3.64%, 14.3%, 6.12%, and 11.35% respectively (p<0.0001). A 16.65% increase in Serum Testosterone levels (p<0.0001). A 3.94% decrease in Serum Prolactin levels. The Short Form-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire domain scores for Physical functioning, Energy/Fatigue, Emotional Well-being, Social Functioning, Pain, and General Health, improved significantly by 31.2%, 18.37%, 26.18%, 14.7%, 35.25%, and 11.07% respectively. Role of Ashwagandha Extract in Improving Sexual Health in Healthy Men: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. STUDY 5 - SEXUAL WELLNESS AND TESTOSTERONE IN MEN (USA) 40 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A significant increase in Testosterone levels (p<0.05). A significant increase in the Level of Sexual Desire scores. A significant increase in the Number of Satisfying Sexual Events scores. 5

Effects of Ashwagandha Extract (Capsule KSM-66 300 mg) on Sexual Health in Healthy Women: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. (Under Peer review) STUDY 5 - SEXUAL HEALTH IN WOMEN (USA) 40 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 69.61% reduction in Female Sexual Distress scale scores (p<0.05). 31.57%, 25.17%, 34.47%, 27.05%, 33.91%, and 35.28% improvement in Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, Desire, Satisfaction, and Pain respectively, and a 29.88% increase in total Female Sexual Function Index scores (p<0.05). A statistically significant increase in the Number of Intercourses, Orgasms, and Satisfying Sexual activities, respectively. A 54.01% increase in the Level of Sexual Desire scores and a 17.81% reduction in Perceived Stress Scale scores. A significant increase in Estrogen levels. Dongre, S. et al., 2015. BioMed Research International, 2015, 284154. STUDY 1 - SEXUAL HEALTH IN WOMEN 50 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 60.9% reduction in Female Sexual Distress Scale scores (p<0.001). A 62.4%, 59.4%, 82.4%, and 62.4% improvement in Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, and Satisfaction, respectively (p<0.001), and a 75.8% increase in total Female Sexual Function Index scores (p<0.001) A 14.3% and 126.1% increase in the Number of Total Sexual Encounters and Successful Sexual Encounters, respectively (p<0.001). Ajgaonkar A, et al., 2022. Cureus doi:10.7759/Cureus. STUDY 2 - SEXUAL WELLNESS AND GENERAL WELL-BEING IN WOMEN 80 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 52.8% reduction in Female Sexual Distress scale scores (p<0.0001). A 40%, 48.7%, 75.7%, 71.6%, and 50.8% improvement in Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, Desire, and Satisfaction, respectively, and a 59.2% increase in total Female Sexual Function Index scores (p<0.0001). A 18.3% and 31.8% increase in the Number of Total Sexual Encounters and Successful Sexual Encounters, respectively. A 71.03% reduction in total General Health Questionnaire - 28 scores. Mutha, AS et al. (2025). Cogent Psychology, 12(1). STUDY 3 - SEXUAL WELL-BEING IN WOMEN 61 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 59.24% reduction in Female Sexual Distress scale scores (p<0.05). 40.23%, 23.65%, 47.21%, 46.78%, 31.45%, and 59% improvement in Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, Desire, Satisfaction, and Pain, respectively, and a 39.28% increase in total Female Sexual Function Index scores (p<0.05). A statistically significant increase in the Number of Total Sexual Encounters and Successful Sexual Encounters, respectively. A 58.06% increase in the Level of Sexual Desire scores and a 37.90% reduction in Perceived Stress Scale scores. A 2.17% increase in Estrogen levels and an 18.72% reduction in Follicle Stimulating Hormone levels. A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effects of Ashwagandha root extract on Sexual Health in Healthy Women. (Under Peer review) STUDY 4 - SEXUAL WELLNESS IN WOMEN 84 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 53.67% reduction in Female Sexual Distress scale scores (p<0.05). 58.16%, 64.91%, 81.48%, 43.31%, 62.78%, and 40.31% improvement in Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, Desire, Satisfaction, and Pain, respectively, and a 58.83% increase in total Female Sexual Function Index scores (p<0.05). A statistically significant increase in the Number of Intercourses, Orgasms, and Satisfying Sexual activities, respectively. A 36.36% increase in the Level of Sexual Desire scores and a 58.02% reduction in Perceived Stress Scale scores. A 3.57% increase in Estrogen levels and an 8.16% reduction in Progesterone levels. WOMEN’S HEALTH 6

MENOPAUSAL HEALTH Gopal, S. et al., 2021.J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Research, 47(12), 4414–4425. STUDY 1 - CLIMACTERIC SYMPTOMS IN PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN 100 Participants 300mg/ Thrice daily 8 Weeks The Menopause Rating Scale scores for the Psychological and Urogenital domains decreased significantly by 24.7% and 26.7%, respectively. There was a 23.51% decrease in the total MRS score (p<0.0001). The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life scores for the Vasomotor, Psychological, Physical, and Sexual domains decreased significantly by 2.4%, 5.09%, 5.05%, and 5.09%, respectively. There was a 4.02% decrease in the total MEN-QOL score (p<0.0001). A 30.88% decrease in the Hot Flash score (p<0.0001). A 35.43% increase in Serum Estradiol levels (p<0.05). The levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, and Testosterone were reduced by 36.60%, 17.27%, and 1.96%, respectively. Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Standardized Root Extract for Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms in Women: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 3 - MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN 53 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 12 Weeks The Menopause Rating Scale scores for the Psychological, Somato-vegetative, and Urogenital domains decreased significantly by 66.03%, 63.29%, and 59.64%, respectively. There was a 65.84% decrease in the total MRS score (p<0.0001). A 34.8% increase in Serum Estradiol levels. A 34.60% decrease in Perceived Stress Scale scores (p<0.0001). A significant improvement in the Menopause Symptoms Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (MS-TSQ) scores. A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel, Single-Center, Two-Arm, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha root extract on Menopause Symptoms. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 2 - MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN 60 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks The Menopause Rating Scale scores for the Psychological, Somatic, and Urogenital domains decreased significantly by 44.6%, 42.06%, and 31.50%, respectively. There was a 40.93% decrease in the total MRS score (p<0.0001). A 26.89% decrease in the Number of Hot Flashes (p<0.05). A 4.5% increase in Serum Estradiol levels. A 47.01% decrease in Perceived Stress Scale scores (p<0.0001). A 90.07% increase in Short Form-12 Questionnaire scores, indicating improved quality of life (p<0.0001). A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effects of Ashwagandha root extract on Sexual Health in Healthy Women. (Under Peer review) STUDY 6 - SEXUAL WELLNESS IN WOMEN 67 Participants 600mg/ Once daily 8 Weeks A 18.9%, 5.77%, 34.2%, 6.89%, and 55.62% increase in Desire, Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, and Satisfaction domain scores (p<0.001). A 23.11% increase in total Female Sexual Function Index score (p<0.001). A 23.65% reduction in Female Sexual Distress Scale total score (p<0.001). A 27.22% reduction in the Perceived Stress Scale scores (p<0.001). A 47.08% improvement in Short Form-12 score indicates improved Quality of Life (p<0.001). A 75.6% increase in Total Sexual Events (p<0.001). A 0.68%, 22.08%, 24.2%, 32.14%, 15.31%, and 3.74% increase in Estrogen, Progesterone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Prolactin, and Testosterone, respectively. Effects of a Single Dose of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Sexual Health in Healthy Women: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. (Under Peer review) STUDY 7 - SEXUAL HEALTH IN WOMEN (USA) 39 Participants 600mg/ Once daily 8 Weeks A statistically significant improvement in Desire, Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, and Satisfaction domain scores (p<0.001). A 31.54% increase in total Female Sexual Function Index score (p<0.001). A 26.06% reduction in Female Sexual Distress Scale total score (p<0.001). A 45.24% reduction in the Perceived Stress Scale scores (p<0.001). A 49.30% improvement in Short Form-12 score indicates improved Quality of Life (p<0.001). A 97.96% increase in Total Sexual Events (p<0.001). A 0.77%, 22.46%, 21.41%, 24.2%, 33.57%, 16.34%, and 3.77% increase in Estrogen, Progesterone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Prolactin, and Testosterone. 7

STUDY 1 - MEMORY AND COGNITION 51 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks Significant improvement in Working Memory Subtests that relate to the ability to hold information for immediate sequential actions (p<0.05). A significant improvement in Executive Function that facilitates coordination, selection, and execution of wilful action (p<0.05). A significant improvement in Attention and Processing speed (p<0.05). A significant improvement in General Memory Subtests that relate to the ability to recall after a substantial passage of time, which is associated with learning and productivity (p<0.05). Significant improvement in Immediate Memory Subtests that relate to the ability to recall within a few minutes of stimulus presentation and reflect learning ability (p<0.05). Kale, S. et al. (2024). Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 1–13. STUDY 2 - MEMORY, FOCUS, AND COGNITION IN ADULTS 114 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A significant improvement in Episodic Memory Subtests that relate to the ability to retain memories that can be consciously recorded. A significant improvement in Working Memory Subtests that relate to the ability to retain information while carrying out more complex cognitive tasks. A significant improvement in Attention and Executive Function (p<0.05). A significant reduction of 12.89% in total mood disturbance score on the Profile of Mood States scale. The BRIEF-A Scale for Behavior Regulation Index (BRI), and Metacognition Index reduced significantly by 22.34% and 17.03%, respectively. Effects of KSM-66® Ashwagandha on memory, attention, executive function, and sleep in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 3 - MEMORY, FOCUS, AND COGNITION IN CHILDREN 85 Participants 150mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A significant improvement in Episodic Memory Subtests that relate to the ability to retain memories that can be consciously recorded. A significant improvement in Working Memory Subtests that relate to the ability to retain information while carrying out more complex cognitive tasks. A significant improvement in Attention and Executive Function (p<0.05). An 18.06% reduction in the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores. A 14.52% reduction in the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, indicating improved sleep without disturbance. The BRIEF-2 Scale scores for the Behavior Regulation Index (BRI), Emotion Regulation Index (ERI), and Cognitive Regulation Index (CRI) reduced significantly by 10.98%, 13.14% and 12.84% respectively. Efficacy of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Treatment of Mild Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 4 - FOR ADHD IN CHILDREN 58 Participants 150mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks The ADHD Rating Scale-IV scores for the Inattention and Hyperactivity domains decreased significantly by 37.28% and 36.24%, respectively. There was a 36.6% reduction in the total ADHD Rating Scale score (p<0.001). The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-2) scores for the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI), Emotional Regulation Index (ERI), and Cognitive Regulation Index (CRI), reduced significantly by 47.9%, 38.7%, and 45.7%, respectively. There was a 44.2% decrease in the Global Executive Composite (GEC) score (p<0.0001). The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores for sleep disturbance and anxiety decreased by 39.5% and 40.9%, respectively (p<0.001). There was a 40.1% decrease in the total PROMIS score (p<0.001). COGNITIVE HEALTH Choudhary, D et al., 2017.Journal of Dietary Supplements, 14(6), 599–612. 8

PERSONAL CARE Narra K, Naik S K, Ghatge A S (2023). Cureus 15(3): e36168. STUDY 1 - SKIN HEALTH 53 Participants 1ml of skin lotion 60 Days A 55.9%, 66.5%, 86.5%, and 80.5% improvement in Wrinkles, Pores, Hydration, and Pigmentation measured using the Physician Global Assessment Scores. A 2.82% decrease in the Melanin index. A 15.12% decrease in the Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL). A 20.6% increase in Skin Hydration. A 16.4%increase in Skin Elasticity. Yerram, C., Jillella, A., & Reddy, V. (2023). Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 14(6), 100817. STUDY 2 - HAIR HEALTH 60 Participants 2ml of hair serum 75 Days A 45.08% and 68.87% reduction in hair loss was seen in both Hair with Bulb Count and Hair without Bulb Count, respectively. A 4.64%, 7.28%, 3.55%, and 4.83% improvement in Hair Density, Hair Growth, Hair Thickness, and Anagen Percentage. Additionally, there was an 8.33% reduction in the Telogen Percentage and an overall decrease of 51.75% in the anagen-to-telogen ratio (A:T ratio). A 68.88% decrease in the percentage of hair pulled. The Hair Specific Skindex-29 scores for Symptom scores, Function scores, Emotional scores, and Total scores were reduced significantly by 16.81%, 21.14%, 12.49%, and 17.82% respectively. A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract Capsule on Skin and Hair Health in Healthy Adults. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 3 - HAIR AND SKIN ORAL ADMINISTRATION 100 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 75 Days A 11.80% decrease in Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL). A 11.73% decrease in Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) scores. A 3.47%, 4.62%, and 3.86% improvement in Hair Density, Hair Growth, and Anagen Percentage. Also, there was a 15.63% reduction in the Telogen Percentage. The Hair Specific Skindex-29 Scores for Symptom scores, Function scores, Emotional scores, and Total scores were reduced significantly by 18.98%, 23.40%, 17.70%, and 20.31%, respectively. A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract Capsule on Skin and Hair Health in Healthy Men and Women. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 4 - HAIR AND SKIN ORAL ADMINISTRATION 92 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 90 Days A 22.2% decrease in Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL). A 28.07% decrease in Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) scores. A 7.19%, 6.92%, 2.67% and 9.04% improvement in Hair Density, Hair Growth, Hair Thickness, and Anagen Percentage. Also, there was a 15.85% reduction in the Telogen Percentage. The Hair Specific Skindex-29 Scores for Symptom scores, Function scores, Emotional scores, and Total scores were reduced significantly by 49.87%, 49.84%, 48.37%, and 49.34%, respectively. A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract Capsule on Skin and Hair Health in Healthy Men and Women. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 5 - SKIN HEALTH 58 Participants 1ml of skin lotion 90 Days A 15.25% reduction in skin stress assessed by Perceived Stress Scale scores. A 8.98% decrease in the Melanin index. A 20.47% decrease in the Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL). A 22.74% and 17.74% increase in Skin Hydration and Elasticity, respectively. A 66.12%, 62.94%, 67.21%, 70.51% and 70.65% decrease in the Self-reported Questionnaire scores for redness, pain, itching, burning, and dryness, respectively. 9

Salve, J., et al (2025). Phytotherapy Research. STUDY 3 - LONG-TERM SAFETY OF KSM-66 ASHWAGANDHA 200 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 12 Months No statistically significant change or abnormality in the Thyroid hormone profile. No significant change in Alanine Transaminase (ALT/SGPT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST/SGOT), and Alkaline Phosphatase. No statistically significant change in the respective mean values of Hematological Parameters and Vital Parameters. Verma, N. et al., 2021. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 57, 102642. STUDY 1 - 8-WEEK SAFETY OF KSM-66 ASHWAGANDHA 80 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks No statistically significant change or abnormality in the Thyroid hormone profile. No significant change in Alanine Transaminase (ALT/SGPT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST/SGOT), and Alkaline Phosphatase. No statistically significant change in the respective mean values of Hematological Parameters and Vital Parameters. Długołęcka, B. et al., 2023. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 30(4), 26–32. STUDY 2 - SAFETY OF KSM-66 ASHWAGANDHA IN PROFESSIONAL WRESTLERS 22 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks No significant change in Alanine Transaminase (ALT/SGPT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST/SGOT), and other Biochemical Parameters. No statistically significant change in the respective mean values of Hematological Parameters. SAFETY Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract: An Open-Label, Non-Comparative, Prospective Study in Healthy Subjects. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 4 - HIGH DOSE SAFETY OF KSM-66 ASHWAGANDHA 100 Participants 1000mg/ Twice daily 12 Weeks No statistically significant change or abnormality in the Thyroid hormone profile. No significant change in Alanine Transaminase (ALT/SGPT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST/SGOT), and Alkaline Phosphatase. No statistically significant change in the respective mean values of Hematological Parameters and Vital Parameters. Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract during Pregnancy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. (Under Peer Review) STUDY 5 - SAFETY OF KSM-66 ASHWAGANDHA DURING PREGNANCY 70 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 12 Weeks No statistically significant change or abnormality in the Thyroid hormone profile. No significant change or abnormality in the Creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen levels. No significant change in Alanine Transaminase (ALT/SGPT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST/SGOT), and Alkaline Phosphatase. A statistically significant improvement was observed in Hemoglobin levels (p=0.003), indicating better hematological health. 10

11 Verma, N. et al., 2021. Complementary therapies in medicine, 57, 102642. STUDY 1 - 8-WEEK SAFETY OF KSM-66 ASHWAGANDHA 50 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 8 Weeks A 8.59% reduction in Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) concentration (p<0.0001). A 47.16% increase in Serum-Free Triiodothyronine (T3) level (p<0.0001). A 23.19% increase in Serum-Free Thyroxine (T4) level (p<0.0001). HORMONAL HEALTH Verma, N. et al., 2021. Complementary therapies in medicine, 57, 102642. STUDY 2 - SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM 56 Participants 300mg/ Twice daily 12 Weeks A 35.58% reduction in Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) concentration (p<0.05). A 10.33% and 10.07% increase in Free and Total Triiodothyronine (T3) levels, respectively. A 4.65% and 4.72% decrease in Free and Total Thyroxine (T4) levels, respectively. A 35.37% decrease in Thyroid Questionnaire Assessment scores (p<0.001) A 20.02% improvement in Mini-Mental State Exam scores (p<0.001 Kumar, R. et al., 2013. Annals of Neurosciences, 20(1), 13–16 STUDY 1 - LIFESPAN EXTENSION OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS Purpose: To evaluate the effect of KSM-66 Ashwagandha in enhancing the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Results: Wild-type worms showed around 20% Lifespan Extension when treated with KSM-66 Ashwagandha. The authors concluded that KSM-66 Ashwagandha successfully enhanced the lifespan of C. elegans. Raguraman, V. and Subramaniam, J. (2016) Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 7, 199-204 STUDY 2 - TELOMERASE ACTIVITY IN HELA CELLS Purpose: To evaluate the effect of KSM-66 Ashwagandha to increase telomerase activity in HeLa cells, an in-vitro human cell-culture model. Results: KSM-66 Ashwagandha increased Telomerase Activity. Thus, Ashwagandha root extract has anti-aging potential. ANTI-AGING

12 Priyanka G, et al., 2020. Frontiers in Veterinary Sciences 7:541112. STUDY 1 - STRESS AND IMMUNITY IN HORSES 24 Animals 2.5g, 5g, or 10g/animal 21 Days A statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in the Cortisol and Epinephrine levels was observed in the KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented treatment groups. A statistically significant increase in Super Oxide Dismutase concentration (p<0.05) KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented treatment groups A non-significant increase in Total Erythrocyte Count, Total Leucocyte Count, Hemoglobin, and Lymphocyte Percentage was observed in the KSM-66 Ashwagandha-treated group. A statistically significant decrease in Glucose, Triglycerides, Creatinine, Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, and Interleukin-6 concentration (p<0.05) KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented treatment groups. Kaur J, et al., 2022. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 51, 8-15. STUDY 2 - STRESS AND ANXIETY IN DOGS 24 Animals 15mg/kg body weight 4 Weeks A 26.9% reduction in Urine Cortisol Creatinine ratio (p<0.001). A 44.4% and 42.2% reduction in Canine Brief Pain Inventory scores for Pain severity and Pain interference respectively. A 19.5%, 36.0%, and 20.5% reduction in the fear and anxiety, excitability, and aggression domains of the Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire scores. Devarasetti, A. K.et al., 2024. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 52(1). STUDY 3 - STRESS AND ANXIETY IN CATS 16 Animals 15mg/kg body weight 4 Weeks A statistically significant increase in Erythrocyte Count, Leucocyte Count, and Hemoglobin, was observed in the KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented group when compared to the placebo group. A statistically significant increase in Catalase, and GSH concentrations (p<0.001) KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented groups, when compared to the placebo group. A significant reduction in Cortisol levels was observed in the KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented group when compared to the placebo group. A significant decrease in the Tumour Necrosis Factor-, Interferon- and Interleukin-10 over the four weeks of KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplementation Bharani, K. K. et al., 2024. Veterinary medicine and science, 10(5), e1556. STUDY 4 - AGING-RELATED CHANGES IN HEALTHY GERIATRIC DOGS 20 Animals 15mg/kg body weight 60 Days A statistically significant increase in Erythrocyte Count, Leucocyte Count, and Hemoglobin, was observed in the KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented group, when compared to the placebo group. A statistically significant increase in SuperOxide Dismutase, Catalase, and GSH concentrations (p<0.001) KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented groups, when compared to the placebo group. A 21.6% reduction in Cortisol levels was observed in the KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented group when compared to the placebo group. A significant reduction in Interferon- and Interleukin-10 was observed in the KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplemented group when compared to the placebo group (p<0.001). Bharani, K. K et al (2025),Frontiers in veterinary science, 11, 1491989. STUDY 5 - IMPROVING GUT HEALTH IN DOGS 24 Animals 15mg/kg body weight 60 Days A significant increase in Erythrocyte Count and Hemoglobin. At the end of the study, all hematological parameters were within the normal reference range. A significant decrease in Lactate and Ammonia. A significant improvement in Total Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). No significant changes in AST, ALT, and ALP were observed. At the end of the study, all the parameters were within the normal reference range. PET HEALTH

13 PRECLINICAL STUDIES ON KSM-66 ASHWAGANDHA FOR PERSONAL CARE IN-VITRO SKIN SENSITIZATION STUDY OECD Guideline No Animal Model Dosage Result 442E THP-1 human cells Various concentrations No significant increase in CD86 or CD54 expression, indicating that KSM-66 Ashwagandha root extract is non-sensitizing and safe for the skin. IN-VITRO SKIN IRRITATION STUDY OECD Guideline No Animal Model Dosage Result 439 Reconstructed Human Epidermis model (EpiSkin™) 1, 10, and 50 mg/ml No signs of skin irritation were observed. High cell viability, confirming KSM-66 is non-irritant to human skin at tested concentrations. IN-VITRO PHOTOTOXICITY STUDY OECD Guideline No Animal Model Dosage Result 432 3T3 mouse embryo cells Various concentrations No cytotoxicity or phototoxicity was observed at any tested concentrations. KSM-66 Ashwagandha was found to be non-cytotoxic and non-phototoxic under test conditions. DETERMINATION OF OCULAR IRRITATION OECD Guideline No Animal Model Dosage Result N/A Chorio-Allantoic Membrane of fertilized hen eggs N/A KSM-66 Ashwagandha did not cause any ocular irritation. It was classified as non-irritant based on the HET-CAM assay conditions. Acute Oral Toxicity of KSM-66 Ashwagandha in Rats. Kalaivani, P et al., (2023). Toxicology reports, 12, 41–47. Subacute Toxicity of KSM-66 Ashwagandha. Langade, D et al., (2023). Toxicology reports, 11, 389–395. 90-Day Repeated Dose Oral Toxicity Study of KSM-66 Ashwagandha Root Extract in Wistar Rats. Kalaivani, P et al., (2023). Toxicology reports, 11, 189–198. Two Weeks Dose Range Finding Study of KSM-66 Ashwagandha Root Extract by Oral Route in Wistar Rats. Kalaivani, P et al., (2024). International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research. 5:1; 153-164. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test with KSM-66 Ashwagandha Root Extract in Salmonella typhimurium strains. Kalaivani, P et al., (2023). Toxicology reports, 12, 41–47. In vivo Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test with KSM-66 Ashwagandha Root Extract in Swiss albino Mice. Kalaivani, P et al., (2023).Toxicology reports, 12, 41–47. In vitro Chromosomal Aberration Test with KSM-66 Ashwagandha Root Extract in cultured human lymphocytes Kalaivani, P et al., (2023).Toxicology reports, 12, 41–47. Thyroid Toxicity Evaluation in Zebrafish Embryos. Naseem et al., (2023). International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research. 4:5; 341-346. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of KSM-66 Ashwagandha in Rats. Under Peer Review 28-Day Repeated Oral Dose Study of KSM-66 Ashwagandha in Rats. Under Peer Review Acute and 28 Days Repeated Dose Genotoxicity Study of Ashwagandha in Albino Rats. Under Peer Review Acute Oral Toxicity Study of KSM-66 Ashwagandha Root Extract in Wistar Rats. Under Peer Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. PUBLISHED TOXICITY STUDIES ON KSM-66 ASHWAGANDHA

SUBSTANTIATED STRUCTURE/FUNCTION CLAIMS KSM-66 Ashwagandha’s substantiated structure/ function claims are in accordance with the requirements of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. Backed by peer-reviewed studies, numerous claims have been deemed acceptable for KSM-66. Some examples include: The above statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. These claims are based upon clinical studies. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer (licensee) to notify the FDA within 30 days, after first marketing a product with a structure/function claim that the statement(s) are being made, as required under section 403(r)(6) of the FD&C Act. Helps to reduce stress & and anxiety. Helps to promote calm and relaxation. Helps to reduce and maintain normal cortisol levels. Helps to reduce mood disturbances and elevate your mood. Helps to promote happiness. Helps to improve the quality of sleep. Helps to reduce sleep onset latency. Helps to boost sleep efficiency. Helps to enhance mental alertness on rising. Helps to wake up fresh. Stress and Anxiety Sleep Helps to increase and maintain healthy levels of natural testosterone. Helps to increase sexual desire, drive, arousal, and satisfaction. Helps to improve sexual performance and overall sexual health Helps to increase sperm count, sperm concentration, and semen volume. Helps to reduce sexual distress. Helps to increase sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm & and satisfaction. Helps to enhance sexual desire and overall sexual function. Helps to alleviate /reduce menopausal symptoms. Helps to reduce hot flashes and night sweats. Helps to support a healthy response to common symptoms associated with menopause. Men’s Health: Women’s Health: Helps to curb stress-related eating habits Helps to reduce food cravings. Helps to improve overall body composition when used as a part of a healthy diet and exercise program. Helps to normalize thyroid hormone levels. Helps to maintain normal thyroid health. Weight Management: Thyroid Function Support Helps to improve sleep. Helps to reduce inattention and hyperactivity in children. Helps to improve behavior and emotional regulation. Helps to improve memory, learning, concentration, and focus. Helps to improve skin hydration and skin texture. Helps to reduce hyperpigmentation and boost collagen production. Helps to improve hair density and reduce hair fall. Helps to nourish the scalp and reduce scalp irritation. Children: Personal care: Helps to boost stamina and endurance. Helps to increase muscle size. Helps to increase muscle strength. Helps to reduce body fat percentage. Helps to reduce fatigue and enhance sports performance. Helps to increase the speed of muscle recovery Helps to improve memory and cognition. Helps to boost executive function and attention. Helps to enhance mental focus and mental clarity. Helps to retain information and memories. Helps to improve speed and accuracy of mental performance. Sports Function Memory and Cognition: 14

To bring the story of KSM-66 Ashwagandha to life, we embraced the timeless art of Warli. This ancient Indian tradition, known for it’s simple yet profound representation of life, perfectly conveys the journey of our ashwagandha—from it’s deep-rooted origins in Ayurveda to it’s modern applications in dietary supplements, sports nutrition, pet health, food and beverages, and personal care. By integrating Warli art, we honour our cultural heritage while illustrating the fusion of tradition and science that defines our approach to physical and mental wellbeing. A Journey Illustrated Through Warli Art KSM-66® ASHWAGANDHA: IXOREAL BIOMED INC. USA : +13104245535 INDIA: +91 4023554386 info@ixoreal.com www.ksm66ashwagandhaa.com