Created in Canva
Dr. Zahraa RaedDENTAL ANATOMYLEC: 1ﻰﻟوﻷا ﺔﻠﺣرﻣﻠﻟ نﺎﻧﺳﻷا ﺢﯾرﺷﺗ
Introduction & Objectives Dental Anatomy The study of the development, morphology, function,and identity of teeth in human dentitions. Objectives • Learn classifications, appearance, and development of teeth • Learn how to name and identify morphological and anatomicalcharacteristics of primary and permanent teeth Key Definitions Dens — Tooth Dental — Anything related to teeth Dentition — is defined as the Number, type, and arrangement of teeth in a person or animal. Dr. Zahraa Raed All of the teeth in the mouth together are referred to as dentition. :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ Dental anatomy ب ﮫﻧﺣا ﻲﻧﻌﯾ درس:ﻧ راح (development)نﺳﻟون اﻛﺗﯾ ونﻠﺷ (morphology) نﺳ لﻛ لﻛﺷ ونﻠﺷ (function) مﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﮫﻠﻐﺷ وﻧﺷ طﻠﻐﻧ ﺎﻣ ﻰﺗﺣ مﺳﻻﺎﺑ زهّﯾﻣﻧ ونﻠﺷ .(identity) دةﺎﯾﻌﻟﺎﺑ ر:ﯾﻐﺻ وسﻣﺎﻗ دكﻧﻋ (tooth) نﺳﻟ= ا Dens - نﺎﻧﺳﻷص اﺧﯾ ﻲﺷ = اي Dental - بﯾﺗرﺗوع وﻧدد وﻋ ﻲﻧﻌﯾ = Dentition - وانﯾﺣﻟن واﺎﺳﻧﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﻧﺳﻻا
Human dentition is described as: Heterodont: teeth are morphologically different from each other.There are variations between teeth in functions such as cutting, puncturing and grinding. Man is a heterodent, which means that he has different-shaped teeth. There are two sets of teeth that appear in the human lifetime: Primary teeth (deciduous teeth; milk-teeth): appear during childhood; these are not permanent (transitory). Dr. Zahraa Raed Diphyodont: means having two successive sets of teeth, one succeeding the other Secondary teeth (permanent teeth; succedaneous teeth):last throughout adulthood . Diphyodont incisors ﺎﻧدﻋ ؛ﺔﻔﯾوظﻟل واﻛﺷﻟس اﻔﻧ ﺎﮭﻠﻛ وﻣ ﺎﻧﻧﺎﻧﺳأ ﻲﻧﻌﯾ لﻛﺷ ﮫﻟوع إﻧ لﻛ، وmolarsو premolarsو caninesو .ﺔﻔﻠﺗﺧﻣ ﺔﻔﯾووظ Heterodont: لﻼﺧ نﺎﻧﺳﻷن اﻣ نﯾﺗﻋوﻣﺟﻣ دهﻧﻋ نﺎﺳﻧﻹا ﻲﻧﻌﯾ :ﮫﺗﺎﯾﺣ 👶 Primary → 👨 Permanent. :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ
The Jaw & Quadrants The Jaw The bone that carries teeth. There are two jaws: 1. Maxilla — Upper jaw (fixed) 2. Mandible — Lower jaw (movable) Maxillary teeth —are teeth in the upper jaw arranged in an arch shape forming the maxillary arch. Mandibular teeth — are those arranged in the lower jaw forming the mandibular arch. Quadrants Each arch is divided into right and left halves (left and right quadrants). Each quadrant contains one-fourth of all teeth. Dr. Zahraa Raed نﯾﻣظﻋ ﻲﺑ مﻔﻟو اﻧل اﯾﺧﺗ (fixed) وگﻓ رﯾﺎﺻ ويﻠﻌﻟك اﻔﻟا Maxilla - (movable) وهﺟ رﯾﺎﺻ ﻲﻠﻔﺳﻟك اﻔﻟا Mandible - ن:ﯾﺳوﻘﺑ ﺔﻓوﻔﺻﻣ نﺎﻧﺳﻷوا - Maxillary arch ويﻠﻌﻟوك اﻔﻟوس اﻗ - Mandibular arch ﻲﻠﻔﺳﻟك اﻔﻟوس اﻗ نﯾﺻﻧ ﻰﻟم اﺳﻘﻧﯾ وسﻗ لﻛو UR / UL / LL / LR .ﺔﯾﻠﻛﻟن اﺎﻧﺳﻻدد اﻋ ﻊﺑر ﻲﺑ صﻧ لﻛو :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ
The primary dentition ( The Deciduous Teeth ): There are 20 teeth in the entire primary dentition; 10 in maxillary arch and 10 in the mandibular arch. The complete primary dentition has five teeth in each quadrant. At birth, After birth (post-natal period), there are no teeth present in the mouth, but many teeth in various stages of development are found in the jaws. the eruption of deciduous teeth starts at six months and lasts until two years old. The deciduous teeth stay until the permanent teeth erupt at about 6 years of age, when the transition to the permanent dentition begins. Primary teeth are further divided into three classes: Dr. Zahraa Raed Canines Molars Incisors سﺑ رغﺎﻓ ﮫﻣﻓ ﺎﯾﻧدﻠﻟ ﻲﺟﯾ نﻣ لﻔطﻟا لﺧدا ﺔﻋزروﻣ ذورﺑ لﺛﻣ ونﻛﺗ نﺎﻧﺳﻷا ك.ﻔﻟا رﮭﺷأ 6 رﻣﻌﺑ ﻊﻠطﺗن وﯾﺑﺗ ديﺑﺗ نﯾﺗﻧﺳ رﻣﻌﺑ ﺎًﺑﯾرﻘﺗ ﺎﮭﻋوﻠل طﻣﺗﻛﯾ ﻊﻠطﺗ ﺔﯾﻣﺋداﻟن اﺎﻧﺳﻻدي اﺑﺗ ﺎﻣدﺣﻟ ﻰﻘﺑﺗ واتﻧﺳ 6 رﻣﻌﺑ :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ نﺳ 20 وھ ﺔﯾﻧﺑﻠﻟن اﺎﻧﺳﻻدد اﻋ :ﺔﻋوزﻣ maxillary arch ـﻟﺎﺑ 10 mandibular ـﻟﺎﺑ 10 arch نﺎﻧﺳا 5 ﮫﯾﺑ quadrant لﻛﺑ
The primary dentition ( The Deciduous Teeth ): The classes of primary teeth containing more than one tooth in each quadrant (incisors and molars) are subdivided into types in each class. Each type is identified by its location within each quadrant: Central incisor: closest to the midline separating the right and the left quadrant. Dr. Zahraa Raed Lateral incisor: next or lateral to the central incisors. Molar: a first molar behind the canine and then the second molar next Incisors and canines are denominated as anterior teeth, while molars are the posterior teeth. :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ تﺎﯾﺻﺧﺷ 5 ﺎﻧدﻋ (quadrant) لﻛﺑ ورا:ﯾﻟ صﻧﻟن اﻣ بﯾﺗرﺗﻟس اﻔﻧﺑ 1. Central incisor 2. Lateral incisor 3. Canine 4. first molar 5. second molar :Classes 3 مﺳﻘﻧﺗ يﺎھو Incisors Canines Molars Canine: next to lateral incisors in each quadrant
The Permanent dentition (permanent teeth): The transition to permanent dentition begins with the emergence and eruption of the first permanent molars at the age of six years, followed by shedding of the deciduous teeth and emergence and eruption of the remaining permanent teeth. This process requires about 20 years to be completed. Dr. Zahraa Raed The permanent dentition is composed of 32 teeth: 16 in the maxillary arch and 16 in the mandibular arch. Incisors Canines Premolars Molars There are eight teeth in each quadrant divided into four classes: :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ 1st ﮫﻣﺳوي اﻗ فﯾﺿ ﻲﺟﯾ years 6 رﻣﻌﺑ ﻲﻧﺑﻠﻟن اﺳﻟورا ا ﻊﻠطﯾ permanent molar رة.ﺷﺎﺑﻣ ﻲﻧﺑﻠﻟن اﺳﻟدال اﺑ وﻣ .ﺔﯾﻘﺑﻟا ﻊﻠطﺗع وّدوﺗ ﺔﯾﻧﺑﻠﻟن اﺎﻧﺳﻷدي اﺑﺗ ﺎھدﻌﺑ .ﻊﻠطﯾ ﻼﯾ رﺧﺄﺗﯾ لﻘﻌﻟن اﺳ نﻷ طولﺗ ﺔﯾﻠﻣﻌﻟوا teeth 32 ل:ﻣﺎﻛ شﯾﺟ لﺛﻣ ﺔﻣﺋداﻟن اﺎﻧﺳﻻا ن.ﺎﻧﺳا 8 ﺎﻧدﻧﻋ quadrant لﻛﺑ ﻲﻧﻌﯾ
The Permanent dentition (permanent teeth): The classes of permanent teeth containing more than one tooth per quadrant (as incisors, premolars, and molars) aresubdivided into types within each class. Each type is identified by location within each quadrant: Dr. Zahraa Raed Central incisor: closet to the midline between the right and left Lateral incisor: next or lateral to the central incisors. Canine: next to lateral incisors. Premolars: first premolar is next to canine, the second premolar next to the first premolar. Molars: first, second and third molars. :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ نﻣ) quadrant لﻛ لﺧب داﯾﺗرﺗﻟا ﻲﺷﻟس اﻔﻧ :(وراﯾﻟ صﻧﻟا 1 Central incisor 2 Lateral incisor 3 Canine 4 first premolar 5 second premolar 6 first molar 7 second molar 8 third molar
The Permanent dentition (permanent teeth): Dr. Zahraa Raed Teeth are grouped into: 1. Anterior teeth which include the incisors and the canines. 2. Posterior teeth which include the premolars and molars. :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ I for incisor C for canine P for premolar M for molar Each tooth is often represented by the initial letter in its name: Each letter is followed by a horizontal line and the number of each type of tooth is placed above the line for the maxilla (upper jaw) and below the line for the mandible (lower jaw). The formulae include one side only, with the number of teeth in each jaw being the same for all humans. ﺔﺑﺎﺗﻛﻟول : اگﺗ دﯾرﺗ ﺔﻣزﻠﻣﻟا ﺎﻧھ روفﺣﺑ رةﺻﺗﺧﻣ ونﻛﺗ وكﻓ بﺗﻛﻧﺗ مﺎﻗرﻷ، واI/C/P/M ـﻠﻟ طﺧ وهﺟو maxilla ـﻠﻟ طﺧ بﺳﺣﺗ ﻼﻣورﻔﻟ. واmandible سﻔﻧ نﯾﺗﮭﺟﻟن اﻷ طﻘﻓ دةﺣو ﺔﮭﺟ .ﻲﺷﻟا ﻊواطﻘﻟا ﻲﻠﻣﺷﺗ ﺔﯾﻣﺎﻣﻻن اﺎﻧﺳﻻا بﺎﯾﻧﻻوا كﺣواﺿﻟا ﻲﻠﻣﺷﺗ ﺔﯾﻔﻠﺧﻟن اﺎﻧﺳﻻا ﺎﻣﻧﯾﺑ نﺣطواﻟوا
The Permanent dentition (permanent teeth): In the dental formula for the permanent human dentition premolars are added to the formula, two maxillary and two mandibular, also the third molar (wisdom tooth) is added. Dr. Zahraa Raed This formula should be read as: The dental formula for the primary/deciduous teeth in humans is as follows: Incisors, two maxillary and two mandibular (central and lateral). Canines, one maxillary and one mandibular. Molars, two maxillary and two mandibular (first and second). :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ ﺔﻋرﺳﺑ دةﺣو ﺔﻓرﻏ تﺎﯾوﺗﺣﻣ بﺗﻛﺗ دﯾرﺗ لّﯾﺧﺗ م.ﺳدون رﺑ The formula for permanent teeth should be read as: Incisors, two maxillary and two mandibular (central and lateral). Canines, one maxillary and one mandibular. Premolars, two maxillary and two mandibular (first and second). Molars, three maxillary and three mandibular (first, second and third). :Primary formula I2 C1 M2 دﺣواﻟا quadrant لﺎﺑ teeth 5 = وع.ﻣﺟﻣﻟﺎﺑ 20 = :Permanent formula I2 C1 P2 M3 دﺣواﻟا quadrant لﺎﺑ teeth 8 = وع.ﻣﺟﻣﻟﺎﺑ 32 =
Formation of the Dentitions: Primary Dentition: which begins to form prenatally at about 14 weeks in utero and is completed at about 2 years of age. Deciduous teeth start to emerge the oral cavity at the mean age of 6 months.The deciduous dentition remains until the child is about 6 years of age. Mixed Dentition: The first permanent teeth begin to emerge into the mouth is at 6 years of age. The emergence of these teeth begins the transition or mixed dentition period, in which there is a mixture of deciduous and permanent teeth present. The transition period lasts from about 6 to 12 years of age and ends. Permanent Dentition: when all the deciduous teeth have been shed. At that time, the permanent dentition period begins. The permanent, or succedaneous, teeth replace the exfoliated deciduous teeth in a sequence of eruption. Permanent dentition is completed at about 12 years of age, except for the third molars, which are completed at 17 to 21 years of age. Dr. Zahraa Raed Humans have two sets of teeth in their lifetime. :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ وعﺑﺳﻻا ﻲﻟواﺣ دةﻻوﻟل اﺑﻗ ونﻛﺗﺗ :Primary .1 نﯾﺗﻧﺳﻟر اﻣﻋ دﺣﻟ ﺎًﺑﯾرﻘﺗ لﻣﺗﻛﺗم وﺣرﻟل اﺧدا 14 ال رﻣﻋ ﻰﻟوات إﻧﺳ 6 رﻣﻋ نﻣ ديﺑﺗ :Mixed .2 ﺔﻧﺳ 12 نﺳو ﺔﻧﺳ 12 رﻣﻌﺑ لﻣﺗﻛﺗ :Permanent .3 ﺔﻧﺳ 21–17 نﯾﺑ لﻘﻌﻟا
Tooth numbering system: Dr. Zahraa Raed In clinical practice, some system of tooth notation is necessary for recording data. There are different systems followed in numbering and recording of teeth: 1- Palmer notation system. 2- Universal numbering system. 3- Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) (International Tooth Numbering System). 1- Palmer notation system. It is a symbolic notation system. The mouth is divided into four quadrants and each permanent tooth is assigned a number from 1 to 8starting at the midline and each primary tooth assigned a letter of the alphabet from A to E also starting at the midline. The number or letter is placed inside a bracket (L-shaped symbol) to ndicate the quadrant (left or right side, upper or lower jaw). :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ كﺎﻧھ ﻲﻠﻟن اﺳﻟا ﻲچﺣﺗ رﯾﺻﯾ ﺎﻣ دةﺎﯾﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﻌﯾ وطﺑﺿﻣ ونﻛﯾ ﻖﯾﺛوﺗﻟا ﻰﺗﺣ مﺎظﻧم/ﻗزم رﻻ ﻲﻠﻟو اھ bracketـﻟورة: اﺻ رﺎل إطﺛﻣ Palmer لﺧ، وداquadrant (UR/UL/LL/LR) دد الﺣﯾ midline ـﻟن اﻣ نﺳﻟرف اﺣ م اوﻗب رﺗﻛﺗ رﺎطﻹا ف.ﻠﺧﻠﻟ Permanent: 1–8 Primary: A–E
Tooth numbering system: For example; for a single tooth such as the deciduous maxillary right central incisor, the designation is A For the deciduous mandibular left central incisor, the notation is given as A B E C Dr. Zahraa Raed : Deciduous Mandibular Left Lateral Incisor : Deciduous Maxillary Right Second Molar : Deciduous Mandibular Right Canine
Tooth numbering system: For example, the permanent mandibular left central incisor as 1 6 8 3 Dr. Zahraa Raed For the permanent dentition is a four-quadrant symbolic system in which beginning with the central incisors, the teeth are numbered 1 through 8 in each arch. : Permanent Maxillary Right First Molar : Permanent Mandibular Left Canine : Permanent Maxillary Left Third Molar
Tooth numbering system: For example; the deciduous maxillary right central incisor is #E Dr. Zahraa Raed primary dentition: For the maxillary teeth, beginning with the right second molar, letters A through J, The mandibular teeth, letters K through T, beginning with the left mandibular second molar. The deciduous mandibular left canine is #M #B: Deciduous Maxillary Right First Molar 2- Universal notation system: The Universal notation system for the entire primary dentition is as follows: #O: Deciduous Mandibular Left Central Incisor #D: Deciduous Maxillary Right Lateral Incisor :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ ﺎﺑ مﺗﮭﯾ ﺎﻣ ور:ﺑﺎل طﺛﻣ Universal دﺣن واﺎﻧﺳﻷد اﻌﯾ سﺑ quadrant د.ﺣوا Primary: A–T Permanent: 1–32
Tooth numbering system: Dr. Zahraa Raed For the permanent dentition، the maxillary teeth are numbered from 1 through 16, beginning with the right third molar. For example, the permanent maxillary right first molar is designated as #3, the permanent maxillary left central incisor as #9, and the permanentmandibular right first molar as #30. #11: Permanent Maxillary Left Canine. Beginning with the mandibular left third molar, the teeth are numbered 17 through 32. #29: Permanent Mandibular Right Second Premolar. #8: Permanent Maxillary Right Central Incisor.
Tooth numbering system: Dr. Zahraa Raed Composed of two digits: 3- FDI notation system: The first digits indicating the quadrant is for permanents teeth are from 1– 4 1- The first digit indicates the quadrant. 2- The second digit indicates the tooth within a quadrant The first digits indicating the quadrants is for primary teeth are from 5-8 :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ FDI لﺑﻗ ﺔﯾﺑھذﻟرة اﻛﻔﻟا وانﻧﻋ بﺗﻛﺗ ﺔﻘﯾس طرﺑ وھ مﯾﻗرﺗ مﺎظﻧ أي ت.ﯾﺑ وانﻧﻋ لﺛﻣ نﺳﻟا ن:ﯾﺋﯾﺷ ﮫﻧﻋ رفﻌﺗ زمﻻ نﺳﻟا (UR/UL/LL/LR) ؟quadrant . أي1 صﻧﻟن اﻣ quadrant لﺧدا ﮫﻣﻗد رﻛﺷ .2 ورا؟ﯾﻟ ود.ﻛ لﺛﻣ نﯾﻣﻗن رﮭﺑﺗﻛﯾ FDI مﺎظﻧﺑﻓ بﺗﻛﯾو quadrant مﺳرﯾ Palmer مﺎظﻧو ن.ﺳﻠﻟ رفﺣم/ﻗر لﻛﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﺳﻠﺳﺗ ّ دﻋ ويﺳﯾ Universal مﺎظﻧو
Tooth numbering system: Dr. Zahraa Raed The second digit indicates the type of tooth (primary or permanent) The second digit for permanet teeth is: The second digit for primary teeth is: Example: The permanent maxillary right second premolar is 15. The deciduous mandibular left second molar is 75. :ﺔطﺎﺳﺑﺑ ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻔﻧ ﻲﻠﺧ ن:ﯾﻣﻗن رﻣ تﯾﺑ وانﻧﻋ دكﻧﻋ لّﯾﺧﺗ (quadrant code) ﺔﻓرﻐﻟم اﻗول = رﻷم اﻗرﻟ- ا tooth) ﺔﻓرﻐﻟل اﺧب داﺎﺑﻟم اﻗ= ر ﻲﻧﺎﺛﻟم اﻗرﻟ- ا (quadrant لﺧدا order دة:ﺣدة وﺣو ﺔﻣزﻠﻣﻟا ﺔﻠﺛﻣك اﻛﻔﻧ ﻲﺟﻧ ﮫﺳھ :15- ﻲﻧﻌﯾ) permanent ـﻠﻟ quadrant = 1 (ﺔﯾﻣﺋداﻟن اﺎﻧﺳﻻرف اﻏ نﻣ ﺔﻓرﻏ second premolar = 5 .UR 2nd premolar إذن: :75- primary ـﻠﻟ quadrant = 7 (ﻲﻧﺑﻠﻟﺎﺑ) 2nd molar = 5 . LL primary 2nd molar إذن:
Dr. Zahraa Raed