CHEN MAE DE VERAPhilippine Politics Governance 12-GAS 1 MASINOP.I’M SINCERELY SORRY PO BECAUSE I DON’T KNOW HOW TO COMPUTE IT PODEFINITIONS OF POLITICSTHE MECHANICSTHE RULESWho gets what, When, and how.Making, preserving, and amending the general rules under which we live Andrew Heywood Andrew HeywoodTHE IDEALAttempting to improve our lives and create the “Good Society” AristotleThe Engine of PoliticsCOLLECTIVE DECISION MAKING Making choices that affect entire groups communities, or nations.EXERCISE OF POWER AND AUTHORITY Using influence to enforce binding decisions and maintairrn societal order.DIFFERENT VIEWS OF POLITICSTHE ART OF GEVERNMENTPOLITICS AS PUBLIC AFFAIRSCOMPROMISE AND CONSENSUSPOLITICS AS POWER
THE FOUNDATION OF POLITICS AND GOVERNANCEPOLITICS A social and political phenomenon centered on power and influence POLITICAL SCIENCE An academic dicipline and method for studying politics and power.GOVERNMENTInstitution vs Process GOVERNANCE An institution or authorityA process of decision making and implementationMAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIESLIBERALISM SOCIAL DEMOCRACY SOCIALISM ANARCHISM NEOLIBERALISMPOLITICAL IDEOLOGIESSet of ideas beliefs that define the views and action of individuals, groups, and institutions.CONSERVATISM REACTIONISM FASCISMMAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIESIdeology in the Philippine Context The Philippine Constitutionis influenced by liberal, socialist, conservative, and fascist ideas: Martial Law - Fascist powers (Article VII) but reviewed and approved by the Branches of Government Article III and Article VIII are liberal and social ideals Article XV are conservative idealsIIS NOT fully influenced by political ideologies (unlike UK and US), instead they are Political Machines. Politics is personality driven, how much a politician is "liked" Patronage Politics public resources as "rewards" inhibits ideology-based politics. Populism interest of the masses i.e., masses are oppressed by the elite or oligarchs, role of the government = limits privileges of the elite, e.g. Duterte.Ideology in the philippine context party politics in the philippinwsPower: Nature & DimensionsPower ....is the ability to achieve a desired outcome and is sometimes seen as the "power to" do something (Heywood, 2007).POWERPOWER IN POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE POWERDIMENSIONS OF POWERRelationship The ability to influence behavior of others or having "power over" people and the ability to punish of reward.here are various ways how power is exercised by the members of society. The Faces of Dimensions of Power arePOWER AS DECISIONPOWER OF THOUGH CONTROLMaking, Power as Agenda Setting, and Power as Thought Control.POWER AS AGENDA SETTINGability to prevent decisions being made: that is, in effect, "non-decision making."nfluencing others by shaping what others think, wants, or needs
Power: Types & ConsequencesREWARD POWERCOERCIVE POWERThe target person complies in order to obtain rewards and benefits they believe are controlled by the agent.The target person complies in order to avoid punishments, threats, and force they believe are controlled by the agent.LEGITIMATE POWERThe target person complies because they believe the agent has the right to make the request because of their position, role, and recognized duties in a group and the target person has the obligation to comply.REFERENT POWERThe target person complies because they admire the identity of the agent and want to gain the agent's approval who is charismatic, has a good reputation, and the ability to attract followers.EXPERT POWERThe target person complies because they believe in the knowledge and skills of the agent.States, Nations, GlobalizationsAccording to De Leon (2009), as stated by Liao (2014), a state is a community of nations more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control.STATEELEMENTS OF STATE 1. PEOPLEthe organization of human beings living together as a community.2. TERRITORYrefers to the territorial domains over which the state exercises control or sovereignty which includes all the land, sea, and airspace the state exercises jurisdiction on3. GOVERNMENan agency to which the political ideology of the state is expressed and carried out.4. SOVEREIGNTYis the power of the state to enforce the law over its people within its jurisdiction
Duties of the State1. Peace and order and national security. 2. Political harmony or good laws. 3. Social justice 4. Economic development 5. Individual and collective development of peopleMeaning of NationA group of people bound together by certain characteristics and shared the same history, ancestry, culture, and language (Liao, 2014). Nations are "imagined communities" - it is imagined because even though people do not know each other or do not meet all the members, they share the same common history, culture, language, and traditions that are practices by every member, they have the same feelings of belongingness and talk the same events that were part of their history event though they are miles away from one another.State and GovernmentIn context and concept the words state and government are vastly different from one another. State consists of population, territory, government, and sovereignty. In short government is part of the state. State possess original powers. Powers of the government are derived from the state. State is permanent and continues forever. Government is temporary, it may come and go. State is abstract and invisible. Government is concreteState and NationNation is not just cultural, but political as well especially when the people share a common civic consciousness. Although, not necessary, a nation can also be seen as psychological when people share loyalty or affection in the form of patriotism (Heywood, 2013). Thus, the concept of nation-state was born. - It refers to the political unit with a defined territory, government, and constituent that more or less share the same culture and identity. In nation-state, the political organization and the government are supported by a cultural base of imagined unity and identity.