JULIUS CAESAR ACT 1: SCENE 1 Caesar calls Calpurnia and tells her to stand where Antony will pass during the race. He asks Antony not to forget to touch Calpurnia while running because people believe that if a barren woman is touched during the sacred race, she will be blessed with children. Antony replies that he will remember and says that whenever Caesar gives an order, it is always obeyed. Caesar tells everyone to begin the ceremony without leaving out any rituals. As the music plays, a Soothsayer calls out, "Caesar!" Caesar asks who is calling him. Casca tells the crowd to be silent. Caesar asks the person to speak, saying he can hear the voice above all the music. The Soothsayer then warns him: "Beware the Ides of March." Paraphrase: Caesar asks who the man is. Brutus tells him that the man is a soothsayer who has warned him to beware of the Ides of March. Caesar asks
that the soothsayer be brought before him. Cassius calls the soothsayer out of the crowd. Caesar asks the soothsayer to repeat his message. The soothsayer again warns, "Beware the Ides of March." Caesar ignores the warning, calling the man a dreamer, and orders everyone to move on. After Caesar and the others leave, only Brutus and Cassius remain. Cassius asks Brutus if he is going to watch the race. Brutus says he is not interested in such games and tells Cassius not to stay back because of him. Cassius then tells Brutus that he has noticed a change in him lately. He says Brutus is no longer as friendly and kind as he used to be and seems distant and cold even towards a friend who truly loves him. Entry of soothsayer [paraphrase] Caesar: What man is that? → Who is that man? Brutus: A soothsayer bids you beware the ides of March. → A fortune teller warns you to be careful on the 15th of March.
Caesar: Set him before me; let me see his face. → Bring him to me. I want to see him. Cassius: Fellow, come from the throng; look upon Caesar. → Come out of the crowd and stand before Caesar. Caesar: What say'st thou to me now? Speak once again. → What are you saying to me? Repeat it. Soothsayer: Beware the ides of March. → Be careful on the 15th of March. Caesar: He is a dreamer; let us leave him. Pass. → He is just imagining things. Ignore him and move on. Cassius: Will you go see the order of the course? → Will you go and watch the race? Brutus: Not I. → No, I will not. Cassius: I pray you, do. → Please come. Brutus: I am not gamesome: I do lack some part of that quick spirit that is in Antony.
→ I am not interested in games. I do not have Antony's lively and cheerful nature. Brutus: Let me not hinder, Cassius, your desires: I'll leave you. → I don't want to stop you from enjoying yourself. I will leave now. Cassius: Brutus, I do observe you now of late; → Brutus, I have noticed a change in you recently. Cassius: I have not from your eyes that gentleness and show of love as I was wont to have. → You no longer look at me with the same kindness and friendship as before. Cassius: You bear too stubborn and too strange a hand over your friend that loves you. → You are behaving coldly and unfriendly towards a friend who truly cares for you. Brutus: Be not deceived: if I have veiled my look, → Do not misunderstand me. If I seem different, I turn the trouble of my countenance → the sadness on my face
Merely upon myself. → is because of my own personal worries. Vexed I am → I am troubled Of late with passions of some difference, → by many conflicting thoughts and emotions recently. Conceptions only proper to myself, → These are my own private concerns. Which give some soil, perhaps, to my behaviours; → They may have affected the way I behave. But let not therefore my good friends be grieved— → But my friends should not feel hurt because of this. Among which number, Cassius, be you one— → Cassius, you are one of those good friends. Nor construe any further my neglect → Do not think my behaviour means anything more. Than that poor Brutus, with himself at war, → Brutus is struggling with his own thoughts.
Forgets the shows of love to other men. → So he forgets to show affection to others. Cassius: Then, Brutus, I have much mistook your passion; → Then I have misunderstood your feelings. By means whereof this breast of mine hath buried → Because of that misunderstanding, I kept hidden Thoughts of great value, worthy cogitations. → important thoughts that I wanted to share. Tell me, good Brutus, can you see your face? → Tell me, Brutus, can you see your own face? Brutus: No, Cassius; for the eye sees not itself → No. A person cannot see his own face directly. But by reflection, by some other things. → He can only see it in a mirror or reflection.
Cassius: 'Tis just: → That is true. And it is very much lamented, Brutus, → It is unfortunate, Brutus, That you have no such mirrors as will turn → that you do not have someone to act like a mirror Your hidden worthiness into your eye, → and show you your own good qualities. That you might see your shadow. → So that you can recognize your true worth. I have heard, → I have heard people say Where many of the best respect in Rome— → that many respected citizens of Rome Except immortal Caesar—speaking of Brutus, → except Caesar himself, speak highly of you. And groaning underneath this age's yoke, → They are unhappy with the present situation.
Have wished that noble Brutus had his eyes. → They wish that noble Brutus could recognize his own greatness. Brutus: "Into what dangers would you lead me, Cassius," What dangerous path are you trying to persuade me to follow, Cassius? "That you would have me seek into myself" Why do you want me to examine myself so deeply? "For that which is not in me?" Why do you expect me to find qualities that I do not think I possess? Cassius: "Therefore, good Brutus, be prepared to hear;" So, Brutus, listen carefully to what I am about to say. "And since you know you cannot see yourself" Since you cannot judge yourself completely,
"So, well as by reflection, I, your glass," Just as you need a mirror to see your face, I will act as your mirror. "Will modestly discover to yourself" I will honestly show you "That of yourself which you yet know not of." the noble qualities that you have not yet recognized. "And be not jealous on me, gentle Brutus:" Do not suspect that I have any selfish motive. "Were I a common laugher, or did use" If I were someone who mocked people.
with ordinary oaths my love" or made false promises of friendship, "To every new protester." to everyone I met, "If you know" if you know that about me, "That I do fawn on men, and hug them hard," or that I flatter people and pretend to be close to them, "And after scandal them;" then speak badly about them behind their backs, "or if you know" or if you know "That I profess myself in banqueting" that I make friends only during feasts and parties, "To all the rout," with every ordinary person, "then hold me dangerous." then you should never trust me.
Brutus: "What means this shouting? I do fear, the people" What is that loud cheering? I am afraid the people "Choose Caesar for their king." have chosen Caesar to be their king. Cassius: "Ay, do you fear it?" Yes, is that what you fear? Brutus: "I would not, Cassius; yet I love him well." I do not want Caesar to become king, though I love him dearly. "But wherefore do you hold me here so long?" Why are you keeping me here talking? "What is it that you would impart to me?" What important matter do you want to tell me?
"If it be aught toward the general good," If it concerns the welfare of Rome, "Set honour in one eye, and death i' the other," I value honour as much as life. "And I will look on both indifferently;" I will face both without fear. "For let the gods so speed me as I love" May the gods help me because I truly love "The name of honour more than I fear death." honour more than I fear death. ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1 Read the extract:
"Into what dangers would you lead me, Cassius..." (a) Who speaks these words? To whom? Why does he speak them? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Brutus • Listener: Cassius • Brutus feels Cassius is trying to influence him. • He wants to know Cassius's real intention. (b) What does Cassius mean by calling himself Brutus's "glass"? [3]
Answer (Points): • A mirror shows a person's true face. • Cassius says he will reveal Brutus's hidden qualities. • He wants Brutus to realize his greatness. (c) How does Cassius try to prove that he is trustworthy? [3] Answer (Points): • He says he does not flatter people. • He is not dishonest.
• He does not make false friendships. • He speaks sincerely. (d) What qualities of Cassius are revealed here? [3] Answer (Points): • Clever. • Persuasive. • Manipulative. • Confident. (e) Why is this conversation important in the play? [4] Answer (Points):
• Cassius begins influencing Brutus. • He gains Brutus's confidence. • He prepares Brutus to oppose Caesar. • It lays the foundation for the conspiracy. Question 2 Read the extract: "What means this shouting? I do fear, the people Choose Caesar for their king."
(a) Why does Brutus fear the shouting? [3] Answer (Points): • He thinks the people support Caesar. • He fears Caesar may become king. • He worries about Rome's freedom. (b) How does Cassius react to Brutus's fear? [3] Answer (Points): • He asks whether Brutus truly fears it.
• He realizes Brutus dislikes the idea of kingship. • He continues persuading Brutus. (c) What does this reveal about Brutus? [3] Answer (Points): • He loves Rome. • He values liberty. • He is concerned about Caesar's growing power. (d) Why is Brutus's fear significant? [3] Answer (Points):
• It shows his patriotism. • It makes him vulnerable to Cassius's influence. • It prepares him to join the conspiracy. (e) How does this incident help develop the plot? [4] Answer (Points): • It reveals Brutus's concern for Rome. • Cassius sees an opportunity to persuade him. • The conspiracy begins to take shape.
• It leads towards Caesar's assassination. Question 3 Read the extract: "If it be aught toward the general good... I love the name of honour more than I fear death." (a) What does Brutus ask Cassius? [3] Answer (Points): • Why he has kept him talking.
• What he wants to tell him. • Whether it concerns Rome's welfare. (b) What does Brutus mean by "the general good"? [3] Answer (Points): • The welfare of Rome. • The good of the Roman people. • The safety of the Republic. (c) What does Brutus value more than death? [3] Answer (Points):
• Honour. • Duty. • Love for Rome. (d) What qualities of Brutus are shown here? [3] Answer (Points): • Honourable. • Patriotic. • Brave. • Selfless. (e) Why are these lines important in understanding Brutus's character? [4] Answer (Points):
• They show that honour guides his actions. • He places Rome above personal relationships. • He is willing to sacrifice his life for duty. • This explains why he later joins the conspiracy against Caesar. Julius Caesar – Act 1, Scene 2 (Page 29, Lines 89–122) Line-by-Line Paraphrase Cassius: "I know that virtue to be in you, Brutus," I know you possess great qualities, Brutus. "As well as I do know your outward favour." I know your noble character just as well as I know your appearance.
"Well, honour is the subject of my story." The reason I am speaking is because of honour. "I cannot tell what you and other men think of this life;" I do not know how you or others value life. "But, for my single self, I had as lief not be as live" As for me, I would rather die than live "In awe of such a thing as I myself." if I had to live in fear of another man who is no better than me. "I was born free as Caesar; so were you:" Caesar and both of us were born free and equal. "We both have fed as well, and we can both" We have had the same upbringing and both of us can "Endure the winter's cold as well as he." bear hardships just as Caesar can. "For once, upon a raw and gusty day," Once, on a cold and stormy day,
"The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores," the River Tiber was overflowing violently. "Caesar said to me, 'Darest thou, Cassius, now'" Caesar challenged me, "'Leap in with me into this angry flood,'" to jump into the raging river with him. "'And swim to yonder point?'" and swim to the opposite bank. "Upon the word, Accoutred as I was, I plunged in," Immediately, fully dressed, I jumped into the river. "And bade him follow; so indeed he did." I told Caesar to follow me, and he did. "The torrent roared, and we did buffet it" The strong current roared, and we struggled against it. "With lusty sinews, throwing it aside" Using all our strength, we fought the waves.
"And stemming it with hearts of controversy;" We bravely resisted the powerful current. "But ere we could arrive the point proposed," Before we reached the other side, "Caesar cried, 'Help me, Cassius, or I sink!'" Caesar cried out for help because he was drowning. "I, as Aeneas, our great ancestor," Like the Trojan hero Aeneas, "Did from the flames of Troy upon his shoulder" who carried his father from the burning city of Troy, "The old Anchises bear, so from the waves of Tiber" I carried Caesar out of the River Tiber, "Did I the tired Caesar." saving his life. "And this man is now become a god;" Yet now people treat Caesar like a god.
"And Cassius is a wretched creature," While I am considered insignificant. "And must bend his body, if Caesar carelessly but nod on him." I must bow before Caesar whenever he gives a slight command. "He had a fever when he was in Spain," Once Caesar became seriously ill in Spain. "And, when the fit was on him, I did mark" During the illness I noticed "How he did shake: 'tis true, this god did shake;" he trembled badly—this so-called "god" was weak. "His coward lips did from their colour fly;" His lips became pale with fear. ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1 Read the extract: "I was born free as Caesar; so were you..."
(a) Who speaks these lines? To whom? Why? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Cassius • Listener: Brutus • To show that Caesar is no greater than other Romans. • To persuade Brutus against Caesar. (b) How does Cassius compare himself and Brutus with Caesar? [3] Answer (Points): • All were born free. • All are equal by birth. • They can bear hardships like Caesar. (c) What incident does Cassius narrate? [3] Answer (Points): • Caesar challenged him to swim across the Tiber. • Both jumped into the river.
• Caesar became exhausted and asked Cassius for help. (d) What does this incident reveal about Caesar? [3] Answer (Points): • He was physically weak. • He depended on Cassius. • He was not superior to other men. (e) Why does Cassius tell this story? [4] Answer (Points): • To reduce Caesar's image. • To prove Caesar is an ordinary man. • To influence Brutus. • To strengthen the conspiracy against Caesar. Question 2 Read the extract: "Help me, Cassius, or I sink!"
(a) Why does Caesar cry for help? [3] Answer (Points): • The river current was very strong. • Caesar became tired. • He feared he would drown. (b) How does Cassius help Caesar? [3] Answer (Points): • He carried Caesar to safety. • He saved Caesar's life. • He compares himself to Aeneas. (c) Why does Cassius mention Aeneas? [3] Answer (Points): • Aeneas was a great Trojan hero. • He carried his father Anchises to safety. • Cassius compares his own action to Aeneas's bravery. (d) What does Cassius feel after recalling this incident? [3]
Answer (Points): • He feels insulted. • He is jealous of Caesar's popularity. • He believes Caesar does not deserve such honour. (e) What is the significance of this incident? [4] Answer (Points): • It shows Caesar's human weakness. • It increases Brutus's doubts. • Cassius attacks Caesar's image. • It advances Cassius's plan against Caesar. Question 3 Read the extract: "And this man is now become a god..." (a) Why does Cassius say Caesar has become "a god"? [3]
Answer (Points): • Romans admire Caesar greatly. • They treat him as superior. • Cassius believes this admiration is undeserved. (b) What weakness of Caesar does Cassius mention next? [3] Answer (Points): • Caesar suffered from fever in Spain. • He trembled during the illness. • His lips turned pale. (c) What qualities of Cassius are revealed here? [3] Answer (Points): • Jealous. • Ambitious. • Clever and persuasive. (d) What contrast does Cassius draw between himself and Caesar? [3]
Answer (Points): • Cassius once saved Caesar's life. • Caesar is worshipped by the people. • Cassius is treated as inferior. (e) How do these lines contribute to the development of the play? [4] Answer (Points): • They weaken Caesar's heroic image. • They influence Brutus's thinking. • They reveal Cassius's motives. • They move the conspiracy against Caesar forward. Julius Caesar – Act 1, Scene 2 (Page 30, Lines 123–148) Line-by-Line Paraphrase Cassius: "And that same eye, whose bend doth awe the world," The same eyes that frighten the whole world
"Did lose his lustre; I did hear him groan;" lost their brightness, and I heard Caesar groan in pain. "Ay, and that tongue of his, that bade the Romans" The same tongue that gives powerful commands to the Romans "Mark him, and write his speeches in their books," and whose speeches people admire and record, "Alas, it cried, 'Give me some drink, Titinius,'" cried weakly, "Give me some water, Titinius." "As a sick girl." He sounded as helpless as a sick young girl. "Ye gods, it doth amaze me," O gods! I am astonished "A man of such a feeble temper should" that such a weak man "So get the start of the majestic world," has gained control over the mighty world,
"And bear the palm alone." and enjoys all the honour and victory by himself. (Flourish of trumpets; a second shout.) Trumpets sound, and the crowd cheers again. Brutus: "Another general shout!" There is another loud cheer from the people! "I do believe that these applauses are" I think these cheers are "For some new honours that are heap'd on Caesar." because Caesar has been given another honour. Cassius: "Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world" Caesar stands over the world
"Like a Colossus;" like a giant statue. "And we petty men" We ordinary men "Walk under his huge legs, and peep about" live beneath his greatness, "To find ourselves dishonourable graves." only waiting for an unimportant death. "Men at some time are masters of their fates:" People can control their own destiny. "The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars," Our failures are not caused by fate, "But in ourselves, that we are underlings." but because we allow ourselves to remain inferior. "'Brutus' and 'Caesar': what should be in that 'Caesar'?" Why should the name "Caesar" be greater than "Brutus"?
"Why should that name be sounded more than yours?" Why should people respect Caesar's name more than yours? "Write them together, yours is as fair a name;" If both names are written together, Brutus is just as noble. "Sound them, it doth become the mouth as well;" Both names sound equally good. "Weigh them, it is as heavy;" Both names carry equal importance. "Conjure with 'em, 'Brutus' will start a spirit" If you use both names like magical words, "Brutus" is just as powerful. "As soon as 'Caesar'." Brutus's name is as influential as Caesar's. "Now, in the names of all the gods at once," By all the gods,
"Upon what meat doth this our Caesar feed," what gives Caesar such great power, "That he is grown so great?" that he has become greater than everyone else? ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1 Read the extract: "And that same eye, whose bend doth awe the world... Give me some drink, Titinius." (a) Who speaks these lines? To whom? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Cassius • Listener: Brutus • Cassius is describing Caesar's weakness. (b) What weakness of Caesar does Cassius describe? [3]
Answer (Points): • Caesar became ill with fever. • His eyes lost their brightness. • He groaned and asked for water. • He appeared weak and helpless. (c) Why does Cassius compare Caesar to a sick girl? [3] Answer (Points): • To show Caesar's physical weakness. • To mock Caesar. • To prove he is not god-like. (d) What qualities of Cassius are revealed? [3] Answer (Points): • Jealous. • Manipulative. • Persuasive. • Ambitious.
(e) Why does Cassius narrate this incident? [4] Answer (Points): • To reduce Caesar's image. • To influence Brutus. • To show Caesar is an ordinary man. • To prepare Brutus for the conspiracy. Question 2 Read the extract: "Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world Like a Colossus..." (a) What does Cassius compare Caesar to? [3] Answer (Points): • A giant Colossus. • A powerful ruler towering over others. • Someone dominating Rome.
(b) What does Cassius mean by "we petty men"? [3] Answer (Points): • Ordinary Romans. • Men living under Caesar's power. • People treated as insignificant. (c) What is meant by "The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars"? [3] Answer (Points): • Fate is not responsible. • People create their own future. • Weakness lies within themselves. (d) What does this reveal about Cassius? [3] Answer (Points): • He believes in action. • He is ambitious. • He wants Brutus to oppose Caesar.
(e) Explain the significance of the "Colossus" image. [4] Answer (Points): • It is a metaphor. • It shows Caesar's great power. • It highlights the weakness of other Romans. • It encourages Brutus to challenge Caesar. Question 3 Read the extract: "'Brutus' and 'Caesar': what should be in that 'Caesar'?... Upon what meat doth this our Caesar feed, That he is grown so great?" (a) Why does Cassius compare the names "Brutus" and "Caesar"? [3] Answer (Points): • To show both are equally noble.
• To flatter Brutus. • To question Caesar's superiority. (b) What does Cassius ask Brutus to do? [3] Answer (Points): • Realise his own worth. • Stop considering Caesar superior. • Take action for Rome. (c) What does "Upon what meat doth this our Caesar feed" mean? [3] Answer (Points): • How has Caesar become so powerful? • Why is he greater than others? • What gives him such influence? (d) What qualities of Brutus does Cassius appeal to? [3] Answer (Points): • Honour.
• Self-respect. • Patriotism. • Sense of duty. (e) How does this speech help develop the plot? [4] Answer (Points): • Cassius flatters Brutus. • He questions Caesar's greatness. • He persuades Brutus to think against Caesar. • It leads Brutus towards joining the conspiracy. Julius Caesar – Act 1, Scene 2 (Page 31, Lines 149–175) Line-by-Line Paraphrase Cassius: "That he is grown so great? Age, thou art sham'd!" How has Caesar become so powerful? O present age, you should be ashamed!
"Rome, thou hast lost the breed of noble bloods!" Rome no longer produces truly noble and brave men. "When went there by an age, since the great flood," Since the time of the great flood, "But it was fam'd with more than with one man?" every age had many great men, not just one. "When could they say, till now, that talk'd of Rome," Until now, no one could say "That her wide walls encompass'd but one man?" that Rome had only one important person. "Now is it Rome indeed, and room enough," Now Rome has become so empty "When there is in it but one only man." because everyone thinks only Caesar matters. "O, you and I have heard our fathers say," We have heard our ancestors tell us
"There was a Brutus once that would have brook'd" that an earlier Brutus would never have tolerated "The eternal devil to keep his state in Rome" even the Devil ruling Rome "As easily as a king." let alone a king. Brutus: "That you do love me, I am nothing jealous;" I have no doubt that you truly care for me. "What you would work me to, I have some aim;" I understand what you are trying to persuade me to do. "How I have thought of this, and of these times," I have already been thinking about these matters.
"I shall recount hereafter;" I will discuss my thoughts later. "For this present," But for now, "I would not, so with love I might entreat you," I request you as a friend "Be any further mov'd." not to press me any more. "What you have said," I will think carefully about everything you have told me. "I will consider;" I shall reflect on your words. "What you have to say," Whatever else you wish to say, "I will with patience hear," I will listen patiently. "And find a time" At the proper time, "Both meet to hear and answer such high things."
we shall discuss these important matters again. "Till then, my noble friend, chew upon this:" Until then, think about what I have said. "Brutus had rather be a villager" I would rather live as an ordinary villager "Than to repute himself a son of Rome" than proudly call myself a Roman citizen "Under these hard conditions as this time" if Rome must live under such miserable conditions "Is like to lay upon us." which seem likely to come upon us. Cassius: "I am glad" I am pleased "That my weak words have struck but thus much show" that my words have at least had some effect
"Of fire from Brutus." and have awakened some enthusiasm in Brutus. ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1 Read the extract: "Age, thou art sham'd!... Rome, thou hast lost the breed of noble bloods!" (a) Who speaks these lines? To whom? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Cassius • Listener: Brutus • Cassius is criticizing Rome for honouring Caesar alone. (b) Why does Cassius say that Rome has "lost the breed of noble bloods"? [3] Answer (Points):
• Romans no longer produce brave leaders. • They blindly admire Caesar. • They have lost their courage and independence. (c) What historical example does Cassius mention? [3] Answer (Points): • Lucius Junius Brutus. • He drove out the kings from Rome. • He defended Roman freedom. (d) What qualities of Cassius are shown here? [3] Answer (Points): • Patriotic. • Persuasive. • Ambitious. • Determined. (e) Why is this speech important? [4]
Answer (Points): • It reminds Brutus of his noble ancestry. • It encourages him to oppose Caesar. • It appeals to his patriotism. • It moves the conspiracy forward. Question 2 Read the extract: "That you do love me, I am nothing jealous... What you have said, I will consider." (a) What does Brutus say about Cassius's love for him? [3] Answer (Points): • He trusts Cassius. • He believes Cassius is sincere. • He has no suspicion of him. (b) Why does Brutus ask Cassius not to continue? [3]
Answer (Points): • He needs time to think. • The matter is very serious. • He does not want to decide immediately. (c) What does Brutus promise Cassius? [3] Answer (Points): • He will think about the matter. • He will listen patiently later. • He will reply at the proper time. (d) What qualities of Brutus are revealed? [3] Answer (Points): • Thoughtful. • Wise. • Calm. • Honourable. (e) Why is Brutus's response important? [4] Answer (Points):
• He does not reject Cassius. • He agrees to consider the proposal. • Cassius gains hope of winning him over. • This prepares Brutus to join the conspiracy later. Question 3 Read the extract: "Brutus had rather be a villager Than to repute himself a son of Rome Under these hard conditions..." (a) What does Brutus mean by these lines? [3] Answer (Points): • He loves freedom. • He dislikes Rome under tyranny. • He would rather live simply than lose liberty.
(b) What does Cassius understand from Brutus's words? [3] Answer (Points): • Brutus is unhappy with the situation. • Brutus values Rome's freedom. • Brutus may support his plan. (c) Why does Cassius say, "I am glad"? [3] Answer (Points): • His words have influenced Brutus. • Brutus has begun to think seriously. • Cassius feels hopeful. (d) What is meant by "show of fire from Brutus"? [3] Answer (Points): • Brutus has shown interest. • He has shown courage and patriotic spirit. • Cassius believes Brutus can be persuaded.
(e) How do these lines help in the development of the plot? [4] Answer (Points): • Cassius's persuasion begins to succeed. • Brutus starts questioning Caesar's rise. • The conspiracy gains its most important supporter. • These events lead towards Caesar's assassination. Julius Caesar – Act 1, Scene 2 (Page 32, Lines 176–198) Line-by-Line Paraphrase (Enter Caesar and his followers.) Brutus: "The games are done, and Caesar is returning." The games are over, and Caesar is coming back.
Cassius: "As they pass by, pluck Casca by the sleeve," As they walk past us, stop Casca and speak to him. "And he will, after his sour fashion, tell you" In his usual blunt and serious manner, he will tell you "What hath proceeded worthy note today." everything important that happened today. Brutus: "I will do so. But, look you, Cassius," I shall do that. But look, Cassius, "The angry spot doth glow on Caesar's brow," Caesar looks angry and upset. "And all the rest look like a chidden train;" His followers look like people who have been scolded.
"Calpurnia's cheek is pale;" Calpurnia's face is pale with fear or worry. "and Cicero" Cicero "Looks with such ferret and such fiery eyes" is looking sharply and angrily. "As we have seen him in the Capitol," He looks just as he does in the Senate "Being cross'd in conference by some senators." when other senators oppose his views. Cassius: "Casca will tell us what the matter is." Casca will explain the reason for all this. Caesar: "Antonius!" Antony!
Antony: "Caesar?" Yes, Caesar? Caesar: "Let me have men about me that are fat;" I prefer to keep cheerful, well-fed men around me. "Sleek-headed men, and such as sleep o' nights:" Men who are relaxed and sleep peacefully at night. "Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look;" Look at Cassius. He looks thin, worried, and ambitious. "He thinks too much: such men are dangerous." He thinks too deeply, and such people can be dangerous. Antony:
"Fear him not, Caesar; he's not dangerous;" Do not worry about Cassius. He is not dangerous. "He is a noble Roman, and well given." He is an honourable and good Roman. Caesar: "Would he were fatter! But I fear him not;" I wish he were fatter, but I am not afraid of him. "Yet if my name were liable to fear," Still, if I were capable of feeling fear, "I do not know the man I should avoid" Cassius would be the one I would avoid the most. ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1 Read the extract:
"The angry spot doth glow on Caesar's brow, And all the rest look like a chidden train." (a) Who speaks these lines? To whom? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Brutus • Listener: Cassius • Brutus describes Caesar and his followers. (b) What does Brutus observe about Caesar and his followers? [3] Answer (Points): • Caesar looks angry. • His followers look frightened. • Calpurnia looks pale. • Cicero appears serious and angry. (c) Why does Cassius say Casca will explain everything? [3] Answer (Points): • Casca witnessed the events.
• He knows what happened. • He will give a truthful account. (d) What qualities of Brutus are shown here? [3] Answer (Points): • Observant. • Calm. • Intelligent. • Thoughtful. (e) Why is this scene important? [4] Answer (Points): • It creates suspense. • It shows something unusual has happened. • Casca will later explain Caesar's refusal of the crown. • It moves the plot forward. Question 2
Read the extract: "Let me have men about me that are fat... Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look." (a) Why does Caesar prefer "fat" men? [3] Answer (Points): • They are contented. • They are cheerful. • They are less likely to plot against him. (b) Why does Caesar distrust Cassius? [3] Answer (Points): • Cassius thinks too much. • He looks ambitious. • Caesar considers him dangerous. (c) How does Antony defend Cassius? [3] Answer (Points): • He says Cassius is not dangerous. • He calls him a noble Roman. • He says Cassius is well-disposed.
(d) What qualities of Caesar are revealed here? [3] Answer (Points): • Observant. • Suspicious. • Proud. • A good judge of character. (e) Why are Caesar's words about Cassius significant? [4] Answer (Points): • Caesar senses Cassius is a threat. • He correctly judges Cassius's nature. • This creates dramatic irony. • The audience knows Cassius is already planning against Caesar. Question 3 Read the extract:
"He thinks too much: such men are dangerous." (a) About whom does Caesar say this? [3] Answer (Points): • About Cassius. • Caesar is speaking to Antony. • He comments on Cassius's nature. (b) Why does Caesar consider Cassius dangerous? [3] Answer (Points): • Cassius is thoughtful. • He is ambitious. • He is never satisfied. • He carefully observes everything. (c) How does Antony respond? [3] Answer (Points): • He tells Caesar not to fear Cassius. • He says Cassius is honourable. • He believes Cassius is loyal.
(d) What literary device is seen in Caesar's statement? [3] Answer (Points): • Foreshadowing. • It hints at the coming conspiracy. • It predicts the danger Cassius will bring. (e) How does this conversation contribute to the play? [4] Answer (Points): • It reveals Caesar's insight into Cassius's character. • It builds suspense. • It foreshadows Caesar's assassination. • It develops the conflict between Caesar and the conspirators. Julius Caesar – Act 1, Scene 2 (Page 33, Lines 199–221) Line-by-Line Paraphrase
Caesar: "So soon as that spare Cassius. He reads much;" That lean Cassius is dangerous because he reads a lot. "He is a great observer, and he looks" He carefully watches people. "Quite through the deeds of men;" He understands the real motives behind people's actions. "He loves no plays," He does not enjoy entertainment. "As thou dost, Antony; he hears no music;" Unlike you, Antony, he does not enjoy music. "Seldom he smiles, and smiles in such a sort" He rarely smiles, and when he does, "As if he mock'd himself, and scorn'd his spirit" it seems as if he is mocking himself and despising happiness.
"That could be mov'd to smile at anything." He thinks smiling is a sign of weakness. "Such men as he be never at heart's ease" People like Cassius are never satisfied. "Whiles they behold a greater than themselves," As long as they see someone more powerful than themselves, "And therefore are they very dangerous." they become dangerous out of jealousy. "I rather tell thee what is to be fear'd" I prefer to tell you what deserves to be feared, "Than what I fear; for always I am Caesar." not what I personally fear, because Caesar is never afraid. "Come on my right hand, for this ear is deaf," Come to my right side because I cannot hear well with my left ear. "And tell me truly what thou think'st of him." Tell me honestly what you think about Cassius.
(Trumpets sound. Caesar and his followers leave. Casca stays behind.) Casca: "You pull'd me by the cloak; would you speak with me?" You stopped me by pulling my cloak. Do you want to speak with me? Brutus: "Ay, Casca; tell us what hath chanc'd today," Yes, Casca. Tell us what happened today "That Caesar looks so sad." which has made Caesar look so unhappy. Casca: "Why, you were with him, were you not?" But weren't you with Caesar? Didn't you see what happened?
Brutus: "I should not then, ask Casca what had chanc'd." If I had known, I would not be asking you. Casca: "Why, there was a crown offered him;" A crown was offered to Caesar. "And, being offered him, he put it by with the back of his hand, thus;" He pushed it away with the back of his hand. "And then the people fell a-shouting." After that, the crowd began cheering loudly. Brutus: "What was the second noise for?" Why did the people cheer a second time? ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1
Read the extract: "So soon as that spare Cassius. He reads much; He is a great observer..." (a) Who speaks these lines? To whom? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Caesar • Listener: Antony • Caesar is describing Cassius. (b) Why does Caesar consider Cassius dangerous? [3] Answer (Points): • Cassius reads a lot. • He observes people carefully. • He understands others' motives. • He is ambitious and never satisfied. (c) How is Cassius contrasted with Antony? [3] Answer (Points):
• Antony enjoys music and entertainment. • Cassius does not enjoy such pleasures. • Antony is cheerful, while Cassius is serious. (d) What qualities of Caesar are revealed? [3] Answer (Points): • Intelligent. • Observant. • Proud. • A good judge of character. (e) Why is this speech important? [4] Answer (Points): • Caesar correctly judges Cassius. • It foreshadows the conspiracy. • It builds suspense. • It reveals Caesar's political awareness.
Question 2 Read the extract: "Such men as he be never at heart's ease... therefore are they very dangerous." (a) What does Caesar mean by "never at heart's ease"? [3] Answer (Points): • Cassius is never content. • He is always ambitious. • He envies more powerful people. (b) Why are such men dangerous? [3] Answer (Points): • They are jealous. • They seek power. • They may plot against rulers. (c) What dramatic irony is present here? [3] Answer (Points): • Caesar suspects Cassius.
• Cassius is already planning against Caesar. • The audience knows this, but Caesar takes no action. (d) What does this reveal about Caesar? [3] Answer (Points): • He is perceptive. • He understands human nature. • He is overconfident. (e) How does this conversation advance the plot? [4] Answer (Points): • It foreshadows Caesar's murder. • It increases suspense. • It highlights Cassius as the chief conspirator. • It prepares the audience for later events. Question 3
Read the extract: "There was a crown offered him; and, being offered him, he put it by..." (a) Who says these words? To whom? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Casca • Listeners: Brutus and Cassius • Casca describes what happened during the festival. (b) What did Caesar do when the crown was offered? [3] Answer (Points): • He refused the crown. • He pushed it away with the back of his hand. • The crowd cheered loudly. (c) Why does Brutus ask about the "second noise"? [3] Answer (Points):
• He wants to know why the crowd cheered again. • He is curious about Caesar's actions. • He seeks the full account from Casca. (d) What qualities of Casca are revealed in this scene? [3] Answer (Points): • Honest. • Straightforward. • Observant. • Blunt in speech. (e) Why is Casca's account important? [4] Answer (Points): • It explains the public events at the festival. • It shows Caesar's refusal of the crown. • It influences Brutus and Cassius. • It develops the central conflict of the play.
Julius Caesar – Act 1, Scene 2 (Page 34, Lines 222–246) Line-by-Line Paraphrase Casca: "Why, for that too." The people cheered for that as well. Cassius: "They shouted thrice: what was the last cry for?" The crowd cheered three times. Why did they cheer the third time? Casca: "Why, for that too." They cheered again because Caesar refused the crown a third time. Brutus:
"Was the crown offered him thrice?" Was the crown really offered to Caesar three times? Casca: "Ay, marry, was't, and he put it by thrice," Yes, it was. Caesar refused it all three times. "Every time gentler than other;" Each refusal was less firm than the previous one. "And at every putting-by mine honest neighbours shouted." Every time he refused it, the crowd cheered loudly. Cassius: "Who offered him the crown?" Who was the one offering Caesar the crown? Casca:
"Why, Antony." It was Mark Antony. Brutus: "Tell us the manner of it, gentle Casca." Please explain exactly how it happened. Casca: "I can as well be hanged as tell the manner of it;" It is difficult for me to describe everything exactly. "It was mere foolery: I did not mark it." I thought it was foolish and did not pay much attention. "I saw Mark Antony offer him a crown;" I saw Antony offer Caesar a crown. "Yet 'twas not a crown neither, 'twas one of these coronets;" Actually, it was only a small crown (a coronet), not a royal crown.
"And, as I told you, he put it by once;" As I said, Caesar refused it the first time. "But, for all that, to my thinking, he would fain have had it." However, I think he secretly wanted to accept it. "Then he offered it to him again;" Antony offered it a second time. "Then he put it by again;" Caesar refused it again. "But, to my thinking, he was very loath to lay his fingers off it." In my opinion, Caesar was reluctant to let go of the crown. "And then he offered it the third time;" Antony offered it a third time. "He put it the third time by and still as he refused it," Caesar refused it once more. "The rabblement shouted, and clapped their chopped hands," The common people shouted loudly and clapped their rough hands.
"And threw up their sweaty nightcaps," They tossed their caps into the air. "And uttered such a deal of stinking breath because Caesar refused the crown." They shouted so loudly that their foul breath filled the air because Caesar had refused the crown. ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1 Read the extract: "Was the crown offered him thrice?" (a) Who asks this question? To whom? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Brutus • Listener: Casca • Brutus wants to know what happened during the ceremony. (b) How many times was the crown offered? Who offered it? [3]
Answer (Points): • Three times. • It was offered by Mark Antony. • Caesar refused it each time. (c) How did Caesar refuse the crown? [3] Answer (Points): • He pushed it away. • Each refusal was gentler than the previous one. • He appeared unwilling to let it go. (d) What does Casca think about Caesar's refusal? [3] Answer (Points): • Caesar secretly wanted the crown. • His refusal was not genuine. • He acted to impress the crowd. (e) Why is this incident important? [4] Answer (Points): • It reveals Caesar's ambition.
• It increases Cassius's dislike of Caesar. • It makes Brutus think about Caesar's motives. • It advances the central conflict of the play. Question 2 Read the extract: "But, for all that, to my thinking, he would fain have had it." (a) What does Casca mean by these words? [3] Answer (Points): • Caesar wanted the crown. • His refusal was only for show. • He hoped the people would insist. (b) Why does Casca believe this? [3] Answer (Points): • Caesar held the crown reluctantly.
• Each refusal became weaker. • He seemed unwilling to let it go. (c) What does this reveal about Caesar? [3] Answer (Points): • Ambitious. • Politically clever. • Concerned about public opinion. (d) What qualities of Casca are shown? [3] Answer (Points): • Observant. • Blunt. • Honest. • Practical. (e) How does this speech help develop the plot? [4] Answer (Points): • It raises doubts about Caesar's intentions. • It supports Cassius's arguments.
• It influences Brutus. • It moves the conspiracy forward. Question 3 Read the extract: "The rabblement shouted, and clapped their chopped hands... because Caesar refused the crown." (a) Who are the "rabblement"? [3] Answer (Points): • The common people of Rome. • The crowd gathered at the festival. • Caesar's supporters. (b) How did the crowd react to Caesar's refusal? [3] Answer (Points): • They shouted loudly. • They clapped their hands. • They threw their caps into the air.
(c) Why does Casca describe the crowd in such an insulting way? [3] Answer (Points): • He dislikes the common mob. • He thinks they are foolish. • He criticizes their blind admiration of Caesar. (d) What literary device is used in the description of the crowd? [3] Answer (Points): • Imagery. • Shakespeare creates a vivid picture of the noisy crowd. • The description emphasizes the excitement and disorder. (e) Explain the significance of the crowd's reaction. [4] Answer (Points): • It shows Caesar's popularity. • It encourages Caesar's ambition.
• It worries Brutus and Cassius. • It increases the tension that leads to the conspiracy. Julius Caesar – Act 1, Scene 2 (Page 35, Lines 247–271) Line-by-Line Paraphrase Casca: "...it had almost choked Caesar; for he swooned, and fell down at it;" The shouting of the crowd almost suffocated Caesar. He fainted and fell to the ground. "And for mine own part, I durst not laugh, for fear of opening my lips and receiving the bad air." I did not dare laugh because I did not want to breathe in the foul air from the crowd. Cassius: "But, soft, I pray you: what, did Caesar swoon?" Wait a moment. Did Caesar really faint?
Casca: "He fell down in the market-place, and foamed at mouth, and was speechless." Yes. He collapsed in the marketplace, foamed at the mouth, and could not speak. Brutus: "'Tis very like: he hath the falling sickness." That is quite likely because Caesar suffers from epilepsy. Cassius: "No, Caesar hath it not; but you, and I, and honest Casca, we have the falling sickness." No, Caesar is not the one with the real sickness. The real weakness belongs to us because we allow him to rule over us. Casca: "I know not what you mean by that;" I do not understand what you mean.
"But, I am sure, Caesar fell down." However, I know for certain that Caesar fainted. "If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him..." The common people cheered him when they liked him and booed him when they disliked him, "As they use to do the players in the theatre," just as audiences react to actors in a theatre. "I am no true man." If that did not happen, then I am mistaken. Brutus: "What said he, when he came unto himself?" What did Caesar say after he regained consciousness? Casca:
"Marry, before he fell down..." Before he fainted, "When he perceived the common herd was glad he refused the crown," he noticed that the crowd was pleased because he had refused the crown. "He plucked me ope his doublet, and offered them his throat to cut." He opened his coat and offered his throat, as if asking the people to kill him if they wished. "An I had been a man of any occupation... I would I might go to hell among the rogues." If I had been an ordinary man and had not accepted his offer, then I deserved to be punished. "And so he fell." Then Caesar fainted. "When he came to himself again, he said, if he had done or said anything amiss, he desired their worships to think it was his infirmity." After recovering, Caesar apologized and asked the people to excuse his behaviour because of his illness.
ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1 Read the extract: "He fell down in the market-place, and foamed at mouth, and was speechless." (a) Who speaks these words? To whom? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Casca • Listeners: Brutus and Cassius • Casca describes Caesar's condition. (b) What happened to Caesar? [3] Answer (Points): • He fainted. • He foamed at the mouth. • He became speechless. (c) What reason does Brutus give for Caesar's condition? [3]
Answer (Points): • Caesar suffers from epilepsy. • It is called the "falling sickness." • Brutus believes this caused the fainting. (d) How does Cassius react? [3] Answer (Points): • He mocks Caesar. • He says Romans are the truly weak ones. • He criticizes Caesar's power over Rome. (e) Why is this incident important? [4] Answer (Points): • It reveals Caesar's physical weakness. • It contrasts with his powerful public image. • It strengthens Cassius's argument against Caesar.
• It prepares the audience for the conspiracy. Question 2 Read the extract: "No, Caesar hath it not; but you, and I, and honest Casca, we have the falling sickness." (a) What does Cassius mean by these words? [3] Answer (Points): • Romans are the truly weak people. • They have allowed Caesar to dominate them. • Their "sickness" is their lack of courage. (b) Why does Cassius say this? [3] Answer (Points): • To criticize Caesar's authority. • To encourage Brutus.
• To stir opposition against Caesar. (c) What does this reveal about Cassius? [3] Answer (Points): • Clever. • Sarcastic. • Manipulative. • Ambitious. (d) What literary device is used in "falling sickness"? [3] Answer (Points): • Metaphor. • It compares political weakness to disease. • It emphasizes the Romans' loss of freedom. (e) How does this speech develop the play? [4] Answer (Points):
• It encourages Brutus to question Caesar. • It strengthens the conspiracy. • It highlights the theme of freedom. • It increases dramatic tension. Question 3 Read the extract: "He plucked me ope his doublet, and offered them his throat to cut." (a) Why did Caesar do this? [3] Answer (Points): • The crowd liked his refusal of the crown. • He acted dramatically. • He invited the people to kill him if they doubted him. (b) What did Caesar say after recovering? [3] Answer (Points):
• He apologized. • He said any mistake was due to illness. • He asked the people to forgive him. (c) How did the crowd react? [3] Answer (Points): • They accepted his apology. • They continued to support him. • They admired him. (d) What does Casca's narration reveal about Caesar? [3] Answer (Points): • Dramatic. • Ambitious. • Politically intelligent. • Conscious of public opinion. (e) Explain the significance of this incident. [4] Answer (Points):
• It exposes Caesar's human weaknesses. • It shows how he wins the people's sympathy. • It increases Brutus's doubts. • It moves the plot towards the conspiracy against Caesar. Julius Caesar – Act 1, Scene 2 (Page 36, Lines 272–291) Line-by-Line Paraphrase Casca: "...was his infirmity." Caesar said that if he had done anything wrong, it was because of his illness. "Three or four wenches, where I stood, cried, 'Alas, good soul!'" Some women nearby felt sorry for Caesar and pitied him. "And forgave him with all their hearts;" They completely forgave him. "But there's no heed to be taken of them;" Their opinions should not be taken seriously.
"If Caesar had stabbed their mothers, they would have done no less." They admired Caesar so much that they would have forgiven him even if he had committed a terrible crime. Brutus: "And after that, he came thus sad away?" After all this happened, did Caesar leave looking sad? Casca: "Ay." Yes. Cassius: "Did Cicero say anything?" Did Cicero speak during all this? Casca:
"Ay, he spoke Greek." Yes, but he spoke in Greek. Cassius: "To what effect?" What did he say? Casca: "Nay, an I tell you that, I'll ne'er look you i' the face again;" If I told you, I would be ashamed because I did not understand it. "But those that understood him smiled at one another, and shook their heads;" The people who understood Greek smiled knowingly and nodded to each other. "But, for mine own part, it was Greek to me." As for me, I could not understand a single word. (This famous expression means "I could not understand it.")
"I could tell you more news too:" I have more news to tell you. "Marullus and Flavius, for pulling scarfs off Caesar's images, are put to silence." Marullus and Flavius have been punished (removed from office) because they removed decorations from Caesar's statues. "Fare you well. There was more foolery yet, if I could remember it." Goodbye. There were more foolish events, but I cannot remember them now. Cassius: "Will you sup with me tonight, Casca?" Will you have dinner with me tonight, Casca? Casca: "No, I am promised forth." No, I have already accepted another invitation. Cassius:
"Will you dine with me tomorrow?" Will you have dinner with me tomorrow instead? Casca: "Ay, if I be alive, and your mind hold, and your dinner worth the eating." Yes, if I am alive, if you still want me to come, and if your dinner is good enough! ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1 Read the extract: "Three or four wenches... cried, 'Alas, good soul!'" (a) Who speaks these words? To whom? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Casca • Listeners: Brutus and Cassius
• Casca describes the crowd's reaction to Caesar. (b) How did the women react to Caesar? [3] Answer (Points): • They pitied Caesar. • They sympathized with him. • They forgave his actions. (c) What does Casca think about the people? [3] Answer (Points): • They are foolish. • They blindly admire Caesar. • They forgive him too easily. (d) What does this reveal about Casca? [3] Answer (Points): • He is critical of the common people. • He is sarcastic. • He is practical and observant. (e) Why is this incident significant? [4]
Answer (Points): • It shows Caesar's popularity. • It reveals the crowd's blind loyalty. • It increases the conspirators' concerns. • It advances the political conflict. Question 2 Read the extract: "Ay, he spoke Greek." (a) Who is referred to as "he"? [3] Answer (Points): • Cicero. • A famous Roman statesman. • He was present during the event. (b) What does Casca mean by "it was Greek to me"? [3] Answer (Points): • He could not understand Greek.
• He did not understand Cicero's speech. • It means something is completely unintelligible. (c) Why did the others smile and shake their heads? [3] Answer (Points): • They understood Greek. • They understood Cicero's meaning. • They reacted knowingly to his words. (d) What famous expression comes from this passage? [3] Answer (Points): • "It's Greek to me." • It means "I cannot understand it." • It is still widely used today. (e) How does Shakespeare use humour in this extract? [4] Answer (Points): • Casca honestly admits his ignorance.
• His remark is humorous. • It lightens the serious political discussion. • It makes Casca's character more realistic. Question 3 Read the extract: "Marullus and Flavius... are put to silence." (a) Why were Marullus and Flavius punished? [3] Answer (Points): • They removed decorations from Caesar's statues. • They opposed Caesar's growing popularity. • They were punished by the authorities. (b) What does "put to silence" mean? [3] Answer (Points): • They were removed from office.
• They were punished. • They were no longer allowed to act publicly. (c) Why does Cassius invite Casca to supper? [3] Answer (Points): • To continue their discussion. • To involve Casca in his plans. • To strengthen their friendship. (d) How does Casca reply? [3] Answer (Points): • He refuses the first invitation. • He has another engagement. • He agrees to dine the next day if possible. (e) How does this extract help develop the plot? [4] Answer (Points): • It shows growing opposition to Caesar.
• It hints at secret political discussions. • Cassius begins gathering supporters. • It prepares for the conspiracy against Caesar. Julius Caesar – Act 1, Scene 2 (Page 37, Lines 292–317) Line-by-Line Paraphrase Casca: "Do so: farewell, both." Very well. Goodbye to both of you. (Casca exits.) Brutus: "What a blunt fellow is this grown to be!" How rude and blunt Casca has become! "He was quick mettle when he went to school." When he was a student, he was intelligent and lively.
Cassius: "So is he now, in execution of any bold or noble enterprise," He is still energetic when carrying out brave and important tasks. "However he puts on this tardy form." Even though he pretends to be lazy and dull. "This rudeness is a sauce to his good wit," His rough manner makes his intelligence seem even more impressive. "Which gives men stomach to digest his words with better appetite." People are more willing to listen to and accept what he says. Brutus: "And so it is. For this time I will leave you." That is true. Now I must leave. "Tomorrow, if you please to speak with me," If you wish to talk to me tomorrow,
"I will come home to you;" I will come to your house. "Or, if you will, come home to me, and I will wait for you." Or you may come to my house, and I will wait for you. Cassius: "I will do so; till then, think of the world." I will do that. Until then, think carefully about the condition of Rome. (Brutus exits.) Cassius (alone): "Well, Brutus, thou art noble;" Brutus, you are an honourable man. "Yet, I see, thy honourable metal may be wrought" But I know that your noble character can be influenced.
"From that it is disposed." It can be shaped away from its natural course. "Therefore it is meet that noble minds keep ever with their likes;" Good people should always keep company with other good people. "For who so firm that cannot be seduced?" No one is so strong that he cannot be tempted or persuaded. "Caesar doth bear me hard; but he loves Brutus." Caesar dislikes me, but he trusts and loves Brutus. "If I were Brutus now, and he were Cassius," If I were Brutus and Brutus were me, "He should not humour me." He would not be able to influence me. "I will this night, in several hands, in at his windows throw," Tonight I will throw several anonymous letters through Brutus' windows.
"As if they came from several citizens," The letters will appear to have been written by different Roman citizens. "Writings all tending to the great opinion that Rome holds of his name;" They will praise Brutus and show that Rome admires him. "Wherein obscurely Caesar's ambition shall be glanced at." The letters will indirectly hint that Caesar is too ambitious. ICSE Extract-Based Questions (Point-wise Answers) Question 1 Read the extract: "Tomorrow, if you please to speak with me... I will come home to you." (a) Who speaks these words? To whom? [3] Answer (Points): • Speaker: Brutus
• Listener: Cassius • Brutus agrees to meet him the next day. (b) Why does Brutus agree to meet Cassius? [3] Answer (Points): • He wants to hear Cassius further. • He wishes to think carefully first. • He has become interested in the discussion. (c) What does this reveal about Brutus? [3] Answer (Points): • Thoughtful. • Cautious. • Open-minded. • Honest. (d) What does Cassius ask Brutus to do before they meet again? [3] Answer (Points):
• Think about Rome. • Reflect on Caesar's growing power. • Consider the future of the Republic. (e) Why is this conversation important? [4] Answer (Points): • Brutus begins to question Caesar. • Cassius gains Brutus's confidence. • It prepares Brutus for manipulation. • It advances the conspiracy. Question 2 Read the extract: "Well, Brutus, thou art noble; Yet, I see, thy honourable metal may be wrought." (a) What does Cassius mean by "metal may be wrought"? [3] Answer (Points): • Brutus's nature can be influenced. • He can be persuaded.
• His noble character can be shaped. (b) Why does Cassius think Brutus can be persuaded? [3] Answer (Points): • Brutus is honourable. • He loves Rome. • He puts the public good before personal friendship. (c) What does this reveal about Cassius? [3] Answer (Points): • Clever. • Manipulative. • Ambitious. • A skilled planner. (d) What literary device is used in "metal may be wrought"? [3] Answer (Points): • Metaphor.
• Brutus is compared to metal. • It suggests that his character can be shaped. (e) Why is this soliloquy significant? [4] Answer (Points): • It reveals Cassius's secret plan. • It shows how he intends to manipulate Brutus. • It exposes his political ambition. • It prepares the audience for the conspiracy. Question 3 Read the extract: "I will this night, in several hands, in at his windows throw..." (a) What does Cassius plan to do? [3] Answer (Points): • Write anonymous letters.
• Throw them into Brutus's house. • Pretend they are from Roman citizens. (b) Why does Cassius write these letters? [3] Answer (Points): • To influence Brutus. • To make him believe Rome supports him. • To turn him against Caesar. (c) What will the letters suggest? [3] Answer (Points): • Brutus is respected by Rome. • Caesar is becoming too ambitious. • Rome needs Brutus's leadership. (d) What does this reveal about Cassius? [3] Answer (Points): • Deceptive. • Intelligent.
• Politically ambitious. • Manipulative. (e) How does this extract help develop the plot? [4] Answer (Points): • It begins Cassius's plan to win Brutus. • It foreshadows Brutus joining the conspiracy. • It increases dramatic tension. • It leads directly to the events of Act 2.